282 
ANTHROPOLOGY: L. SPIER 
and in modern Zuni, it had played a larger role in the pottery art of 
earlier times. Similarly, the oldest remains in the valley showed an 
analagous variation in the use of corrugated ware, but in the opposite 
direction suggesting its coming predominence at a later period. Assum- 
ing then that we had here the end and the beginning of a stylistic pulse 
— an assumption made strongly presumptive by observed sequences in 
other sections of the Southwest — we ranked the data according to the 
ascending values for corrugated ware up to the maximum and then 
in descending order to the values for the recent villages. The validity 
of such procedure lies in the observed seriation of the accompanying 
wares: when a series of three or more distinct, but mutually dependent 
values are ranked according to some postulated sequence for one, and 
the other values are found to present serially concurrent variations, it 
may be safely concluded that the result is other than fortuitous. The 
results in this case amply justified the assumption. The fluctuations 
in the ceramic art of the Zuni thus stand revealed and are directly 
translatable in chronological terms. 
The results obtained from the application of this chronology were 
the following: 
1. The chronological scale itself shows a sequence of the pottery 
types, or rather of the predominating wares in the order of white, cor- 
rugated, red, black, and with the last buff and white. Of these black 
is a dull unsliped ware, corrugated shows the familiar indented coils, and 
the decorated wares are black-on- white, black-on -red, black and white- 
on-red, brown-on -buff, and brown and red-on-bufif, and the modern 
varieties of white ware. The sequence of the techniques parallels 
Nelson's for the Tano ruins in its general outhnes: two color and later 
three color painted ware, two color glazed ware, three color combina- 
tion glazed and painted ware, and modern painted wares, with corru- 
gated ware appearing at all times and black ware in later periods. 
2. The Zuni valley has been occupied continuously from an early 
period. The occupation has been transitory, no site being occupied for 
any considerable period. Certain major shifts of population are observ- 
able however : first to the northeast and east barely crossing the continental 
divide, later a return to the Zufii basin still occupied by the Zufiis. 
3. The Zunis first occupied single houses and later communal dwell- 
ings o the well-known Pueblo type. The former are uniformly small, 
the latter rectangular or circular structures of considerable extent. It 
is not clear that the first type developed into the communal dwelHng. 
This sequence of architectural types has been often postulated by older 
writers, but never proved. ^ 
