"^Jo^tjlwTff PROGRESS OF MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE. 49 
pressed downwards." The eminence of the papilla, formed by cell- 
proliferation, disappears, and instead of it a depression is observed. 
The fold of epidermis over the papilla extends deeper, and surrounds 
the latter almost entirely; the hair-sac and the connective tissue 
around it are developed, and a fibrous and vascular connection is 
established between it and the papilla. The subsequent increase in 
the nutrition of the papilla is marked by the formation of a cone above 
it, which forms the commencement of the hair with its horny shaft, 
its dark centre, and a bulb below. The spiral course of the sheath 
of the hair is by the author assumed to determine the subsequent 
curling of the hair. The falling out of the hair he ascribes to the 
shrinking of its bulb, its detachment from the papilla, accompanied 
by a retraction of the external sheath. As regards the formation of 
secondary or new hairs, he diifers from Henringer, who held that the 
matrix of a new hair is a new outgrowth from the productive soil of 
the hair-sac, and not from the old germ, and differs entirely from 
Wertheim's view of new haira arising independently of the epidermis, 
and of their growing by chance into old hair follicles. According to 
Goette, the new or secondary hair grows from the papilla. He 
describes, however, the mode of growth of a class of hairs which he 
terms " Schalthaare, hairs of insertion," which do not arise from the 
papilla, but are produced by an excessive local nutrition in the hair- 
sac. But this kind of secondary hairs differs essentially from those 
arising from the papilla. The author terms the former non-papillary, 
and the latter papillary secondary hairs. The papillary forms have, 
a sheath and a bulb like the primary hairs, but the non-papillary 
have neither sheath nor bulb, and remain uncoloured even in the most 
pigmented races until they have reached a certain size, receiving then 
a streak of pigment from the papilla. They are easily suppressed by 
the growth of secondary papillary hairs. Goette concludes his paper 
by some interesting observations on the relations between the fat and 
hair : "Hairs, like fat, are casual products of the body ; " " One structure 
excludes the other, since it withdraws from it space and material (as 
in the case of non-papillary hairs);" "Stags, when castrated, yield 
more fat than hair, and vice versa,'' &c. — Ibid. 
On the Beparative Process ■ after Injuries sustained hy Muscles. 
— Formerly it was believed that divided muscles were united by 
the formation of connective tissue; but Dr. Neumann has observed, 
" That a bridge of connective tissue is only formed in very extensive 
lacerations, with much loss of substance." Muscles divided by 
incisions unite differently. The author made transverse incisions 
into the Gastrocnemius and Tibialis anticus of dogs and rabbits, 
and noticed the following appearances in the process of reparation. 
The sarcolemma retracts and the contractile substance j)rotrudes ; 
an amyloid degeneration of these parts may possibly take place ; 
there is a necrosis of the cut ends, a dark-grained infiltration, 
and a molecular breaking down of the substance. A vital reaction 
ensues on the fourth day, marked by an accumulation of muscle-cells. 
A few days later, some of the fibres form simple continuations, others 
branch on others — and this the author was the first to observe — lateral 
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