aoo Farleria and Loftusia, [''^llnZiuS^l^Z^' 
fundamental importance in the classification of this group, the plan 
of groivth (taken by M. d'Orbigny as his primary character) being 
of very subordinate value ; and who had, on this basis, indepen- 
dently worked out a systematic arrangement of the entire group, 
which presents a most remarkable correspondence with that pro- 
pounded by Dr. Carpenter and his coadjutors. And their antici- 
pation of important additions to the Arenaceous series has been 
fully borne out, on the one hand by the discovery of several most 
remarkable new forms at present existing at great depths in the 
ocean, which has been made by the dredgings of M. Sars, jun., and 
those of the ' Lightning ' Expedition ; and, on the other, by the 
determination of the real characters of two fossils, one of the 
Cretaceous, and the other probably of the earlier Tertiary period, 
which prove to be gigantic examples of the same type. 
The first of these, discovered by Professor Morris more than 
twenty years ago in the Upper Greensand near Cambridge, was long 
supposed to be a Sponge ; but his more recent discovery of two speci- 
mens which had been but little changed by fossilization, led him to 
suspect their Foraminiferal character ; and this suspicion has been 
fully borne out by the careful examination made of their structure 
by Dr. Carpenter, to whom he committed the inquiry, and by 
whom, with his concurrence, the name Farheria was assigned to 
the genus. The second, which was obtained by the late Mr. W. R. 
Loltus from " a hard rock of blue marly limestone " between the 
N.E. corner of the Persian Gulf and Ispahan, bears so strong a 
resemblance in its general form and mode of increase to the genus 
Alveolina, that its Foraminiferal character was from the first re- 
cognized by its discoverer ; but as all the specimens brought by 
Mr. Loftus had undergone considerable alteration by fossihzation, 
their minute structure, though carefully studied by means of 
transparent sections, could not in the first instance be satis- 
factorily made out. When, however. Dr. Carpenter's investigation 
of Farheria, with the full advantage of specimens but little 
changed by fossilization, revealed the very remarkable plan of its 
structure, the investigation of this type was resumed by Mr. Brady 
(who assigned to it the name Loftusia), with the new light thence 
derived ; for as transparent sections of infiltrated Farkeriw furnish 
a middle term of comparison between specimens of the same type 
which retain their original character, and transparent sections of 
icfiltrated Loftusise, the last-mentioned can nov/ be interpreted by 
reference to the preceding; so that the obscurities which previously 
hung over their minute structure have been almost entirely dissi- 
pated. — The description of the structure of Farheria in this 
memoir is by Dr. Carpenter, and that of the structure of Loftusia 
by Mr. H. B. Brady ; but each has gone over the wurk of the 
other, and can testify to its correctness. 
