Order III. 
DIANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 
29 
JDIGYNIA. 
497 Spike ovate oblong, Flowers on short stalks longer than the beard spreading, Outer glumes ciliated 
498 Panicle spike-shaped sub-lanceolate, Leaves smooth glaucous green, Nect. adnate to the seed, Cor. loose 
499 Spike ovate dense. Sheaths smooth. Leaves ciliated 
TRIGYNIA. 
Shrubby. 
500 Leaves broad-lanceolate pointed coriaceous, Berries stalked 
501 Lvs. elliptic lane, attenuated very smooth dotted shining above at the base unequal, Spikes recurved at tips 
502 Leaves ovate oblong or elliptic acuminate unequal at the base rough on each side. Spikes axillary uncinate 
503 Leaves ovate oblong many-nerved acuminate smooth unequal at base, Leaf stalks margined. Joints equal 
504 Leaves elliptic oblong acuminate many-nerved unequal at the base. Joints knotty 
505 Branches round hairy. Leaves ovate oblong above rough : veins beneath and stalks hispid 
506 Leaves ovate oblong 5-nerved rugose on each side smooth equal at the base 
507 Leaves ovate attenuated 7-nerved, Stalks 2-toothed 
508 Leaves broad ovate acuminate 7-nerved coriaceous smooth. Joints knotted 
509 Leaves broad cordate 5-nerved at the base unequal, beneath discoloured. Spikes lax with remote flowers 
510 Leaves cordate acuminate 5-9-nerved very smooth equal to the leaf stalks 
511 Leaves cordate acuminate 9-11-nerved veiny rather villous. Leaf stalks partly winged 
512 Leaves cordate oblong acuminate about 7-nerved unequal at the base 
513 Lower leaves cordate stalked 7-nerved : upper cordate oblong sessile 5-nerved 
514 Leaves peltate round cordate many-nerved obtuse sub-repand, Spikes in umbels 
515 Leaves roundish cordate acute many-nerved. Nerves and stalks villous, Spikes in umbels 
516 Leaves lanceolate ovate nerved. Spikes short 
517 Leaves ovate lanceolate tomentose. Stem arborescent 
518 Leaves ovate lanceolate acuminate smooth 3-nerved 
519 Leaves lanceolate ovate rugose. Nerves alternate 
Stem fleshy. 
520 Leaves ovate acute obsoletely 3-nerv. rather folded together at the base, Stalks ciliated. Spikes term, solitary 
521 Leaves stem-clasping broad lanceolate narrowed downwards many-nerved. Stem simple erect 
522 Leaves obovate very obtuse. Flower-stalks terminal branched. Stem and branches rooting 
523 Leaves obovate nearly retuse edged with red. Spike terminal solitary. Stem decumbent rooting 
524 Leaves wedge-shaped about 7-nerved, Spikes terminal conjugate. Stem rooting nearly erect 
525 Leaves oblong lanceolate attenuated 5-nerved, Spikes axillary, solitary, the terminal in pairs, Stem winged 
526 Leaves lanceolate ovate 5-nerved acute at each end, Spikes terminal 2 or 3 together, Stem nearly erect 
527 Leaves ovate acuminate 5-nerved, Spikes conjugate erect. Stem branching rooting 
528 Leaves peltate cordate ovate acute. Stem creeping 
529 Leaves cordate acute, Spikes lateral and terminal. Stem procumbent 
530 Leaves oblong nerveless opposite spikes axillary solitary. Stem pubescent upright 
531 Leaves oblong acute nerveless opposite with the erect stem villous 
532 Leaves ternate roundish. Stem creeping 
533 Leaves 4 together sub-sessile oblong nerveless, Spikes terminal, Stem erect 
534 Leaves 3 and 4 together oblong 3-nerved smooth coriaceous. Spikes terminal solitary 
535 Leaves 3 and 4 together elliptic lanceolate 3-nerved with the upright stems villous 
536 St. erect round smth. Lvs. 4-6 togeth. ses. lane, atten. at base 3-nerv. very smth. Sp. ter. very long sol. or double 
537 Leaves 3 and 4 together roundish rhomboidal stalked 3-nerved pubescent. Branches erect 
538 Leaves 4 together wedge-shaped emarginate sub-sessile. Spikes solitary, Stem erect 
539 Very fragrant. Leaves 4, 5, and 6 together sub-sessile reflexed sub-emarginate, Spikes terminal about 4 
540 Leaves 3 and 5 together oblong acuminate 3-nerved smooth. Stem erect 
541 Hoary with down. Leaves alternate thick round-ovate v/ith a small blunt point, very cordate at the base 
542 Leaves obovate rounded stalked very thick green naked 
543 I-<eaves about 4 together roundish convex beneath and coloured, Spikes terminal and axillary sub-solitary 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
planted, and afterwards staked with any rough barked wood, on which the plants climb and attach themselves 
much in the mannerofour five-leaved ivy (Ampelopsis). In Sumatra, Marsden informs us (Hist. 107.), atreecalled 
the chinkareen is planted for the support of the pepper plant, as the common maple and flowering ash is for the 
vine in Italy. The shoots bear in the third year ; the flowers appear in June, and the berries are ripe, and of 
a blood-red in September. The shoots are then cut down to the ground, and tlie berries gathered, dried in the 
sun, and sorted. In three or four years more the shoots have attained full growth, and another crop is ready. 
P. amalago, longum, and various other species afford berries differing very little in quality from those of 
P nigrum, and sometimes mixed with, or substituted for them, 
P. betle affords the betel leaf of the southern Asiatics, which serves to enclose a few slices of the areca 
nut (thence commonly called the betle-nut), and a little shell lime. This, the inhabitants of those countries 
chew to sweeten the breath, strengthen the stomach, and ward off the calls of hunger, as the European v/orkiug 
classes do tobacco. It is deemed the extreme of unpoliteness in the east to speak to a superior without a quid 
of betel in the mouth. The teeth of the men in Malabar are ruined by it ; but the women preserve theirs to 
an old age, by staining them black with antimony. Such is the consumption of betel in the east, that it occa- 
sions a branch of commerce nearly as extensive as that of tobacco in the west. 
All the species of pepper introduced in our stoves grow freely iu loam and peat, require but little water, and 
are readily propagated by cuttings. 
