Order II. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 59 
WIS stem ascending knee-jointed, Panicle spiked cylindrical obtuse. Glumes connate at base obtuse 
1019 Stem ascending knee-jointed. Spike compound cylindrical, Glumes obtuse fringed, Anthers orange col. 
1020 Stem ascend. Raceme spiked ov. Glumes with a hairy keel beyond the mid. dilated. Upper sheath inflated 
1021 Stem erect. Pan. spiked cylind. atten. at base. Glumes vill, fringed. Beards of paleae twice as long as glumes 
1022 Raceme spiked cylindrical. Glumes truncate mucronate with a fringed keel, Beard shorter than glume 
1023 Raceme spiked ovate oblong. Glumes truncate mucronate with a fringed keel. Beard as long as glume 
1024 Like P. pratense, but stems lower. Raceme shorter. Root knotty. A mere variety 
1025 Spike ovate, Beard longer than glume divaricate angular rough. Root fibrous 
1026 Panicle hairy spiked cylindrical, Glumes lanceolate acuminate with a fringed keel 
1027 Glumes keeled smooth membranous at edge 
1028 Outer glume a little prickly at the back 
1029.Panicle spiked cylindrical smooth. Glumes lanceolate mucronate obtuse roughish 
1030 Panicle spiked oblong ovate. Glumes lanceolate acute with a fringed keel. Stems ascending 
1031 Panicle spiked cylindrical. Glumes wedge-shaped mucronate rough 
1032 Panicle spreading heaped. Outer pales pencilform, inner shining 
1033 Panicle spiked ovate. Glumes navicular entire at the end. Outer paleee 2 
1034 Panicle spiked oblong ovate. Glumes navicular toothed at end. Outer palea 1 
1035 Panicle spiked oblong. Glumes navicular nearly entire, Outer palea 1, Stem knee-jointed 
1036 Stem naked upwards. Spike slender lax. Glumes keeled acute 
1037 Pan. spiked cylindrical. Intermediate floret hermaphrodite acuminate, the rest imperfect bitten off 
1038 Panicle diffuse, Glumes acute shorter than florets, One floret hermaphrodite, one neuter 
1039 Panicle beardless cylindrical spiked, Paleee 2 smooth. Root bulbous 
1040 Pan. spreading afterwards contracted. Florets less than glume. Beard clavate less than glume 
1041 Pan. diffuse. Glumes obtuse. Florets longer than glumes {Catabrosa P. deB.) 
1042 Panicle diffuse, Florets as long as glumes, Beard straight short, Leaves flat {Deschampsia P. de B.) 
1043 Pan. contr. Glumes bearded villous at base, Rachis smooth very short, Leaves flat [Deschampsia P. de B.) 
1044 Beardless, Panicle lanceolate lax erect. One floret stalked the other sessile. Leaves pubescent 
1045 Leaves bristly. Stem naked. Panicle lax, Florets hairy at base, Beard nearly terminal shorter 
1046 Pan. divar. Branches trichot. Flor. 3-fl. larger than glumes. Beard jointed longer than glumes, Leaves^et. 
1047 Bearded, Pan. spreading trichot. Pedunc. wavy. Florets scarcely longer than glume. Leaves setaceous 
1048 Bearded, Pan. trichot. divar. Florets less than glume. Beard dorsal jointed longer than glume 
1049 Pan. one-sided, Spikelets short 2-flowered, Florets as long as glume obtuse 2-toothed at end. Root fibrous 
1050 Pan. 1-sided contracted, Spikelets 2-fl. less than glumes. One floret beardless. Root fibrous 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
168. Phalaris. An ancient name said to have arisen out of (faXoi, brilliant, because the plant had shining 
grains. P. canadensis is cultivated for the seeds, which are given to singing birds, and more especially the 
canary. It requires a loamy soil, well manured, clean, and in good tilth. The grain is sown in February, in 
drills, six inches apart, and the plants are thinned to two inches distance in the rows. The growth of canary 
grass is slower than that of the common weeds, with which it is in consequence liable to be overrun, if they 
are not kept under by hoeing and hand- weeding. The culture of this grass is chiefly carried on in the isle of 
Thanet, where the chaff is esteemed as a horse food ; but the straw being short, it produces little fodder or 
manure. 
169. Ccn-ynephorus. From y.o^vv^, a club, and (pi^o), to bear. The beard is jointed, and the last articulation is 
club-shaped. 
170. Aira, is the name applied by the Greeks to the Lolium of the Romans, our Lolium temulentum. It 
signifies " something deadly," in allusion to the dangerous effects of that plant ; but the name has no refer- 
ence to any species of the genus to which it has been applied by Linnjeus. A. aquatica is relished by cattle, 
and water-fowl are fond of the young shoots and seeds. It is introduced in decoys, by throwing plants in the 
water with a weight tied to them. A. ctespitosa is common in marsh-meadows, and occasions those excre- 
scences called tussocks or hassocks which interrupt the progress of the scythe. Though cows eat the grass, 
horses will not. The stiff erect stalks frequently bear viviparous flowers. 
171. Avena. A name of obscure origin. De Theis thinks it has been derived from the Celtic word aten, 
which comes from etan, to eat ; and whence our common word ait, oat, has been obtained. A. sativa is the 
common cultivated oat, and A. nuda and tartarica are also sometimes cultivated. Of the first species there 
are numerous varieties, some more permanent, as the white and black ; others temporary, as the potatoe oat, 
Angus oat, &c. No botanist has been able to ascertain satisfactorily the native place of this or any other of 
our cultivated grains. A, fatua is accounted a distinct species ; but some think the naked, tartarian, common, 
