Ordek- I. 
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 
II 
69. Ornus. Cal. 4-parteA Cor. of 4 petals. Fruit, a winged Samara of two cells. 
§ 10. Flowers complete, superior. 
70. Marina. Cal. of the fruit toothed with bristles : of the flower bifid. 
71. Circcea. Cal. 2- leaved. Cor. with two obcordate petals. 
72. Fedia. Caps. 3-locular, crowned with the upright (not involute) limb of the calyx. Corolla irregular. 
§ 11. Flowers incomplete, with no corolla. 
73. Pimelea. CaL funnel-shaped, with a 4-cleft limb. Stigma capitate. 
74. Cladium. Cal. many-valved, l-flowered : valves glumaceous, imbricated, the exterior smallest. Nut with 
a double coat. 
Order 2. DIGYNIA. ^^^^^ 2 Stamens. 2 Styles. 
75. Gunnera. Cor. O. Cal. 2-toothed. Seed one, inclosed irt a tough coat. 
76. Anthoxanthum. Glume membranous, 3-flowered. Lateral florets neuter with one palea bearded ; 
intermediate floret hermaphrodite, much shorter than the lateral ones. Paleae obtuse, beardless. Seed free. 
Order 3. TRIGYNIA. 2 Stamens. 3 Styles. 
77. Piper. CaL O. Cor. O. Berry 1-seeded. Spadix simple, slender, covered with little flower-bearing 
scales. 
MONOGYNIA. 
133 Leaves unequally pinnate. Leaflets oval acute the inner the smallest 
134 Leaves sessile two inches long opposite or alternate oblong smooth serrated 
135 Leaves oblong pointed entire : the young ones only hoary beneath, Branches spiny 
136 Leaves lanceolate pointed entire hoary beneath. Branches angular not spiny 
(3 Leaves linear-lanceolate flat siiky beneath 
Leaves oblong flat hoary beneath 
Leaves narrow acute at each end, rusty beneath 
e Leaves oblong bent obliquely pale beneath 
? Leaves oblong ovate. Branches divaricate 
137 Leaves oblong. Flowers racemose panicled terminal 
138 Leaves elliptical wavy. Stalks of leaves green 
139 leaves lanceolate flat white beneath. Branches warted 
140 Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, Bractes all persistent connate ovate. Racemes sub-compound narrow 
141 Leaves elliptic acute, Bractes perfoliate : the lower cup-shaped persistent the upper large leafy deciduous 
142 Leaves elliptic-lanceolate sub-serrate, Flowers single lateral in bunches 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
nourishment, and medicinally are supposed to correct acrimony, to lubricate, and relax. Olive oil is applied ex- 
ternally to bites and stings of poisonous animals, and to burns alone, with chalk, or in liniments and poultices. 
The ancients rubbed their bodies with it in dropsies and for various purposes ; but it is now little used excepting 
for coughs and in worm cases. 
Pickled olives are prepared from unripe fruit by repeatedly steeping them in water, to which quicklime or any 
alkaline substance is sometimes added to shorten the operation. Afterwards they are soaked in pure water, 
and then taken out and bottled in salt and water, with or without an aromatic. They are eaten abroad as a 
whet before and during the principal meals, and in this country chiefly at the dessert. They are supposed to 
excite appetite and promote digestion. The finest kind of the prepared fruit is called by the merchants Picholine, 
after one Picholini, an Italian, who first discovered the art of pickling olives. 
The culture of the olive abroad may be said to resemble that of grass orchards in Britain. It is propagated 
by suckers, large cuttings, or truncheons planted in trenches four feet deep, into which it is still the custom to 
deposit stones for encouraging moisture about the roots, as described by Virgil. {Georg. ii. 346.) It is also pro- 
pagated by chips of the stool, in the following manner : An old tree is cut down, and the ceppo, or stock, is cut 
into pieces of nearly the size and shape of a mushroom, and which, from that circumstance, are called novoFi. 
Care is taken that each novolo shall have a small portion of bark. After being dipped in manure, the novoli 
are planted thick in a bed and covered with earth to the depth of three inches ; they soon throw up shoots, and 
are transplanted at the end of one year, and in three more are fit to be finally removed to the olive plantation. 
The olive in Britain grows readily by cuttings, or maybe grafted on the privet. With protection during frost, 
it may be maintained against a wall in the latitude of London. Some trees so treated, produced a crop' in the 
garden of Camden House, Kensington, in 1719 ; and in Devonshire, some trees have stood the winter for many 
years as standards, though without ripening their fruit. Large plants are frequently imported from Genoa, 
along with orange and pomegranate trees. 
0. fragrans is highly odoriferous both in the leaves and blossoms ; the plant is much esteemed on that ac- 
count in China, and the leaves used at once to adulterate and flavor teas. 
