Order II. 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 
73 
1250 Spike erect close, Spikel. 3-fl. pubesc. Lower and upper in pairs middle in 3s rather shorter than fring. glume 
1251 Spike loose erect, Spikel. 3-fl. pubesc. lower remote shorter than the smooth glumes, Leaves involute rigid 
1252 Spike erect close, Spikel. 4-fl. from middle to base pubesc. shorter than smooth glume, Leaves in volute rigid 
1253 Spike erect close, Spikel. 6-7-fl. pub. in 6s upper in 3s or pairs shorter than smooth glumes, Lvs. invol. rigid 
1254 Spike pendulous close, Spikelets 2 together longer than the glumes 
1255 Spike pendulous, Spikelets 3-flowered bearded in pairs, Leaves flat 
1256 Spike pendulous spreading, Spikelets 6-flowered bearded in threes. Leaves fla't 
1257 Spike nodding spreading, Spikelets 6-flowered bearded the lower in threes upper in pairs. Leaves flat 
1258 Spike erect, Spikelets 3-fl. bearded smooth in pairs. Glumes lanceol. nerved as long as spikelets, Leaves flat 
1259 Sp. erect, Spt. 2-fl. beard, hispid in pairs, Gls. lin. nerv. beard, as long as spikel. Lvs. flat and sheaths smooth 
1260 Spike erect, Spikel. 3-fl. villous bearded in threes, Glumes bearded longer than spikel. Leaves flat 
1261 Spike erect, Spikel. in 3s 1-2-fl. bearded rough, Glms. linear subul. bearded as long as spikel. Sheaths hairy, 
1262 Spikelets 1-fl. rough. Involucres erect [Leaves flat 
1263 Spikelets 2-fl. Involucres setaceous spreading 
1264 Lvs. short involute curved. Spike erect rough, Spikel. in 3s 2.fl. longer than the bearded very narrow invol. 
1265 Spike erect, Spikelets spreading, Involucr. none [Outer glume with a short beard 
1266 Glumes and beard rough, Paleee smooth toothed at the end 
1267 Stem procumbent at base. Uppermost leafsheath tumid. Glumes and palete subulate bearded 
1268 All florets hermaphrodite bearded. Seeds in 4 rows. Stems erect 
1269 AU florets hermaphrodite bearded, Seeds in 6 rows 
1270 Lateral florets male beardless hermaphrodite in 2 rows bearded 
1271 Lateral florets male beardless hermaphrodite in 2 rows. Spike short. Seeds angular spreading 
1272 All florets fertile in threes bearded. Involucres setaceous ciliated at base 
1273 Intermediate glumes linear lanceolate ciliated outer setaceous rough 
1274 Lateral florets male with a short beard. All the glumes setaceous rough 
1275 All the glumes rough. Inner glume of the lateral florets semi-lanceolate the rest setaceous 
1276 Beards and involucres setaceous very long 
1277 The only species 
1278 Spike slender subulate incurved 
1279 Spike subulate somewhat compressed erect. Leaves channelled 
1280 Spike subulate erect. Leaves flat 
1281 Spike subulate erect. Glume minute. Florets bearded 
1282 Spike subulate erect. Glume ensiform acuminate appressed 
and Miscellaneous Pai-ficulars. 
sown in spring and cut in autumn. In Lapland two months, and in England nine weeks elapse between the 
sowing and cutting of this grain. 
Malt is the chief purpose for which barley is cultivated in Britain, but it is also made into flour, and pot 
and pearl barley. In order to understand the process of malting, it may be necessary to observe, that the coty- 
ledons of a seed before a young plant is produced, are changed by the heat and moisture of the earth into sugar 
and mucilage. Malting is only an artificial mode of effecting this object, by steeping the grain in water, and 
fermenting it in heaps, and then arresting its progress towards forming a plant by kiln drying, in order 
to take advantage of the sugar in distillation for spirit, or fermentation for beer. The chemical consti- 
tuents of mucilage and sugar are very nearly alike : in the process of malting a part of the mucilage or 
starch is converted into sugar, so that the total quantity of sugar, and consequently the source of spirit, is in- 
creased. 
Of pot-barley there are two sorts, pearl and Scotch, both produced by grinding off the husk, and the former 
variety by carrying the operation so far as to produce roundness in the kernel. It is used in soups, gruels, and 
medicinal drinks. 
Barley-flour is ground like flour, and forms a light pudding or pottage, which, spread out in thin cakes and 
slightly toasted, forms a breakfast bread much esteemed in some parts of Scotland. It is brought to table hot 
from the baking plate, and eaten with butter and honey, or cream and sugar. 
H. murinum, squirrel-tail-grass, is common by way-sides, and its awns or heads are so injurious to the gums 
of horses in the isle of Thanet, that one of the greatest recommendations of an inn is having " hay without 
any mixture of squirrel-grass." 
H. pratense resembles rye, and to this. Professor Martyn observes, the name of rye-grass belongs, and not to 
Lolium perenne, which is ray (from ivraye, Fr.) grass. 
211. Microchloa. From /^ix.^oi, small, %Xa»3, grass, on account of its size. 
212. Ophiurus. ■ A name constructed by Ga;rtner from a snake, and a^a, a tail, from a fancied resem- 
olance in the spikes of the genus to the tail of a viper. This is the genus Rottbollia of English botanists : but 
no true species of that genus have yet been cultivated in this country. 
213. Moner?na. From /^ovog, one, and ie,u,ot., support ; there is only one glume, which by its rigidity acts as 
a support to the flower. 
