78 TETRANDRIA. Class IV. 
Scales 4, hypogynous, distinct or united in a sheath. Ovary 2-seeded. Stigma subulate. Follicle 1-celled, 
coriaceous. Seeds emarginate. Involucrum 1-7-flowered, imbricated, deciduous. Receptacle flat, without 
chaff: 
243. Xylomelum. Cal. 4-leaved, regular, the segments revolute at the end. Stam. inserted above the 
middle of the segments. Glands 4, hypogynous. Ovary 2-seeded. Style deciduous. Stigma vertical, clavate, 
obtuse. Follicle thick, woody, 1-celled : the cell out of the centre. Seeds winged at end. 
244. Telopea. Cal. irregular, on one side irregularly divided, on the other 4-toothed. Stam. immersed 
in the concave ends of the calyx. Gland none. Ovary stalked, many-seeded. Stigma oblique, orbicular, di- 
lated. Follicle cylindrical. Seeds winged at end. Involucrum none. 
245. Lomatia. Calyx irregular, with distinct 1-sided segments. Stamens immersed in the concave ends 
of the calyx. Glands 3, hypogynous on one side. Ovary stalked, many-seeded. Style persistent. Stigma 
oblique, dilated, roundish, flat. Follicle oval. Seeds winged at ends. 
246. Rhopala. Cal. 4-leaved, regular, segments recurved at end. Stamens inserted above the middle of the 
segments. Scales 4, hypogynous, distinct or connate. Ovary 2-seeded. Style persistent. Stigma vertical, cla- 
vate. Follicle 1-celled, woody. Seeds winged at both ends. 
247. Banksia. Cal. 4- parted. Stamens immersed in the concave ends of the segments. Scales 4, hypogy • 
nous. Ovary 2-celled, with 1-seeded cells. Follicle 2-celled, woody. Dissepiment loose, bifid. 
248. Dryandra. Cal. 4-parted or 4-cleft. Stamens immersed in the concave ends of the segments. 
Scales 4, hypogynous. Ovary 2-celled, with 1-seeded cells. Follicle 2-celled, woody, with a loose bifid dissepil 
ment. Common receptacle flat. 
249. Striithiola. Cal. tubular, having 8 glands at the mouth. Berry without juice, 1-seeded. 
250. Opercularia. Common calyx 1-leaved, campanulate, 3-6-flowered, 6-9-toothed, proper none. Seeds 
solitary, immersed in a closing receptacle, which is operculiform, deciduous. 
251. Cryptospermum. Common calyx 6-leaved : leaflets spreading, unequal ; proper, 3-leaved from the chaff 
of the receptacle. Recept. globose, chaffy. Capsules 1-celled, united into a sub-globose receptacle, opening 
lengthwise in the middle. 
252. Pothos. Spathe 1-leaved. Spadix cylindrical, simple, covered with flowers. Cal. 4-leaved. Stamens 
next the ovary. Berry 2-seeded. 
253. Rivina. Cal. 4-leaved, persistent. Berry 1-seeded, with a lentiform rough seed. 
254. Camphorosma. Calyx urceolate, with two opposite and alternate teeth very small. Caps. 1-seeded. 
Stamens exserted. 
255. Alchemilla. Cal. 8-cleft, the alternate segments smallest. Style from the base of the ovary. Seed 1, 
naked, covered with the calyx. 
256. Sanguisorba. Cal. coloured, 4-lobed, with 2 scales at the base. Caps. 4-cornered, enclosed in the 
calyx, 1-2-celled. 
257. Dorstcnia. Common receptacle 1-leaved, fleshy, dilated, spreading, orbicular, or angular, in which the 
solitary seeds nestle. » 
2. Flowers incomplete, superior. 
258. Isnarda. Cal. campanulate, adhering to the ovary, 4-cleft. Caps. 4-celled, surrounded by the calyx, 
4-cornered, many-seeded. 
259. Elceagnus. Cal. 4-8-cleft, campanulate on the outside rugose, inside colored, deciduous. Filaments 
very short between the segments of the calyx. Style short. Drupe ovate, with an oblong 1-seeded nut. 
3. Flowers monopetalous, 1-seeded or dicoccous, inferior. 
260. Globularia. Common calyx imbricated : proper tubular, 5-toothed. Cor. with the upper lip 2-, the 
lower 3-parted. Seed 1, enclosed in the calyx. Recept. chaffy. 
261. Houstonia. Ca). 5-toothed. Cor. tubular. Caps. 2-celled, 2-valved, 2-seeded. 
4. Flowers monopetalous, 1-seeded or dicoccous, superior. 
DIPSACEjE. 
262. Dipsacus. Common calyx many-leaved, proper superior. Cor. tubular, 4-cleft. Seed 1, crowned by 
the calyx. Recept. conical, chaffy. Pappus cross-shaped, entire. 
263. Cephalaria. Common calyx sub-globose, with scales more or less scarious, proper double, pappus 
shaped, variously split. Receptacle chaffy. 
264. Scabiosa. Common calyx many-leaved, proper double pappus-shaped, variously split. Receptacle 
chaffy. 
265. Knautia. Common cal. many-leaved, cylindrical, oblong, simple, 5-flowered, proper simple, superior. 
Corolla irregular. Seed 1, crowned by the calyx. Receptacle naked, 
STELLATjE. 
266. Galium. Cal. an obsolete superior edge. Cor. rotate. Seeds 2, globose. 
267. Rubia. Cal. an obsolete superior edge. Cor. rotate, sub-campanulate. Berries 2, 1-seeded. Stam. 4-5. 
268. Asperula. Cal. an obsolete edge, 4-toothed. Cor. monopetalous, funnel-form. Seeds 2, globose, not 
crowned by the calyx. 
269. Sherardia. Cal. a 4-toothed edge. Cor. monopetalous, funnel-form. Seeds 2, 3-toothed, crowned by 
the persistent calyx. 
270. Spermacoce. Cal. a 4-toothed edge. Cor. monopetalous, funnel-form. Caps. 2-celled, not divisible in 
two, with 2 cells, 2-toothed. Seeds with their edge rolled together over their side. 
271. Crucianella. Cal. 2-3-leaved. Cor. monopetalous, funnel-form, with a filiform tube and an unguiculate 
limb. Seeds 2, linear. 
5. Flowers monopetalous, many-seeded, inferior. 
272. Callicarpa. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, campanulate, 4-cleft. Stamens exserted. Berry 
4-seeded. 
273. Witheringia. Cor. sub-campanulate, with a tube having 4 projections. Cal. very small, obsoletely 
4-toothed. Pericarp 2-celled, berried. Anthers conniving, opening laterally. 
274. Egiphila. Cal. 4-toothed. Cor. 4-cleft. Style semi-bifid, filiform. Berry 2-celled. Cells 2-seeded. 
275. Cephalanthus. Common cal. none ; proper, as well as corolla, 4-toothed, tubular funnel-form. Recep- 
tacle globose. Caps. 2-4-celled, not splitting. Seeds solitary by abortion, oblong. 
276. Scoparia. Cal. 4-parted, equal. Cor. 4-parted, rotate, with a hairy throat, regular. Stamens equal. 
Stigma obtuse. Capsule nearly round, 2-celled, 2-valved, with a dissepiment from the inflexed margins of the 
valves. 
277. Centunculus. Cal. 4-cleft. Cor. 4-cleft, tubular, with a spreading limb. Stamens short. Caps. 2-celled, 
cut round, many-seeded. 
228. Plantago. Cal. 4-cleft. Cor. quadrifid, with a reflexed limb. Stamens very long. Caps. 2-celled, cut 
round. 
279. Buddlea. Calyx and corolla 4-cleft. Stamens from the incisures. Caps. 2-furrowed, 2-celled, many- 
seeded. 
280. Exacum. Cal. 4-leaved. Cor. somewhat bell-shaped, 4-cleft, with a globose tube. Caps, compressed, 
2-furrowed, 2-celled, many-seeded, splitting at the end. 
281. Sebcea. Cal. 4-5-parted, the sepals keeled or winged. Cor. 4-5-cIeft, withering. Stamens exserted, 
