Order I. 
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 
91 
1529 Leaves stalked ovate acute 
1530 Leaves lanceolate 
1531 Leaves oblong acute at each end silvery. Flowers solitary nodding 
1532 Leaves oblong ovate opaque 
1533 Leaves ovate 
1534 Leaves ovate acuminate wavy 
1535 Stem shrubby, Leaves lanceolate linear entire, Flowers axillary subsessile solitary 
1536 Stem shrubby. Leaves lanceolate 3-toothed and entire. Heads terminal 
1537 Stem herbaceous. Radical leaves about 3-toothed much longer than the stalk, Cauline lanceolate 
1538 Radical leaves crenate acuminate, Cauline entire mucronate 
1539 Radical leaves wedge-shaped retuse toothed at end the intermediate tooth very small 
1540 Stem naked. Leaves entire lanceolate 
1541 Leaves radical ovate, Stem compound, First peduncles 2-flowered 
1542 Leaves ovate lanceolate. Corymbs terminal 
1543 Corona obsolete. Head cylindrical, Bractes recurved. Leaves connate entire subcoriaceous 
1544 Corona obsolete. Head cylind. Bractes straight, Invol. weak longer than head, Lvs. conn, entire or jagged 
1545 Leaves of involucre linear-lanceolate rigid about as long as the head. Leaves usually sinuately jagged 
1546 Corona membranaceous, Head ovate. Involucre weak deflexed 
1547 Leaves oblong serrate villous stalked sublobate, Cauline connate, Heads globular villous 
1548 Corona obsolete. Head globose. Involucre deflexed not quite so long as bractete 
Corollas 4:.cleft. 
1549 Corona with 8 nearly eq. awned teeth, Anth. strip, with green at time of open. Br. acum. pub. Corol. radiant 
1550 Corolla equal, Cal. imbr. Radical leaves pinnated, Leafl. lane, cut toothed cihat. Caul. tern, and sim. lin. 
1551 Corollas 4-fid unequal, Scales of calyx obtuse. Leaves oblong serrated scabrous 
1552 Corollas equal. Scales of calyx oblong obtuse. Leaves linear smooth entire trifid and at base pinnatifid 
1553 Corona with 8 equal short teeth, Bractes awned. Awns purplish black 
1554 Corona with 8 teeth of which 4 are awned and the other 4 very short, Br. awned. Awns rufous, Corol. equal 
1555 CoroU. sub-equal, Scales of calyx ovate, Leaves pinnatifid 
1556 Corona with 8 awned nearly equal teeth, Anth. str. with green at time of op. Br. acum. pub. Corol. radiant 
1557 Coroll. radiant, Radical leaves simple, Cauline decurrent pinnated, Paleas arid reflexed at end 
1558 Corona with 4-8 obsolete teeth, Bractes awnless yellowish white the outer obtuse the inner acuminate 
/3 Teeth of the corona distorted 
1559 Coroll. radiant, Calyx imbricated. Leaves coriaceous smooth lanceolate entire : the upper lyrate 
1560 Coroll. equal. Calyx and paleee awned. Stem simple smoothish. Leaves lanceolate almost smooth 
Corollas S-cleft. 
1.561 CoroU. unequal. Stem herbaceous erect. Leaves pinnatifid. Seeds bearded and feathery pappose 
Corollas i-fid. 
1562 Coroll. nearly equal, Stem dichotomous. Leaves oblong cauline entire subsessile radical toothed stalked 
1563 Cor. equal. Stem simple, Branches approximated. Leaves lane, ovate pubescent, Caul. lin. nearly entire 
1564 Cor! radiant, Leaves undivided. Radical ovate serrated, Cauline lanceolate 
1565 Coroll. radiant, Leaves entire pinnatifid and cut, Stem hispid 
1566 Coroll. radiant. Leaves all undivided ovate oblong serrated. Stem hispid 
1567 Coroll. radiant, Leaves oblong lanceolate entire. Stem below smooth above pilose 
1568 Coroll. sub-radiant, Stem and leaves ovate hispid the lower leaves stalked entire auric, or pinn. Calyx cil. 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
262. Dipsacus. From h'i^oe.ca, to thirst. At the axillae of the leaves is usually a quantity of limpid water, 
which may be acceptable to people who are thirsty. This water once had reputation as a cosmetic. Chardon 
d Foulon, Fr. Kardendesfel, Ger. ; and Dissaco, Ital. D. fuUonum is cultivated in the west of England for 
raising the nap upon woollen cloths, by means of the crooked awns or chaffs upon the heads, which in the wild 
Teasel are not hooked. For this purpose they are fixed round the circumference of a large broad wheel, which 
is made to turn round, and the cloth is held against them. The seeds are sown in March, on well prepared 
strong clayey loam, broad-cast, and at the rate of one peck to the acre. They are hoed, like turnips, to a foot 
distance ; and the second year, in August, the heads are fit to cut. They are sold by the bundle or stave, 
twenty-five in each, and the ordinary produce is 160 staves per acre. In Essex, carraway is often sown along 
with teasel, and the second year after the latter is puUed, the former is mown or reaped. ( Young's Annals, 
vol. xxi. p. 53.) 
D. pilosus is the handsomest species ; the seeds are eaten by small birds, and the flowers trequented by moths 
in great numbers. 
263. Cephalaria. From x£(j«X-<7, a head, m reference to the manner m which the flowers grow. A mere ar- 
tificial division of the genus Scabiosa, from which it differs in no natural characters whatever. 
264. Scabiosa. From scabies, leprosy. The sudorific qualities of this plant are said to be useful in cutaneous 
diseases. This is a vigorous-growing coarse-looking genus. S. succisa is one of the few examples of radix prte- 
morsa or bitten-off root ; an appearance, as Keith states, owing to the point or top of the seminal root 
