y4 
r619boreaie W. 
1620 Aparlne W. 
1621 pilosum W. 
1622 grae'cum W. 
267. RU'BIA. W. 
1623 tinctorum W. 
1624 peregrlna W. 
1625 lucida Jf. 
1626 fruticosa W. 
1627 angustifolia Jf^, 
1628 cordifolia W. 
268. ASPE'RULA. TV. 
1629 odorata H^. 
1630 arvensis JV. 
1631 h'irta P. S. 
1632 hirsuta Dt-s/. 
1633taurina W. 
1634 crassifolia fK. 
1635 aristata L. 
1636 scabra Z/f. 
1637 tinctoria JV. 
1638 cynanchica W. 
1639 supina ^iefi. 
1640 arcadiensis B. M. 
1641 la?vigSta IV. 
1642 montana ^T. c«. 
269. SHERAR'DIA. W. 
1643 arvensis W. 
1644 muralis JV. 
270. SPERMACO'CE. J^' 
1645 tenuior 
16461atif6Ua JV. 
1647 strigosa i?. Af. 
1648 radicans H'. 
1649 verticillata f^F". 
1650 hispida JV. 
1651 rubra Jacq. 
16.52 strlcta Z. 
1653 stylosa Lk. 
1654 cornifolia F/scA. 
16;)5 Fischeri Lk. 
16.56 suffruticosa Jacq. 
1657 mucronata iVife^. 
271. CRUCIANEL'LA. 
1658 angustifolia JV. 
16591atif61ia JV. 
1619 
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 
cross-leaved A w 
Cleavers A O w 
hairy ^ A w 
Candian ^ A cu 
Madder. 
dyer's A ag 
wild A w 
shining *L i | w 
prickly-leaved 41. i | w 
narrow-leaved tL i I w 
heart-leaved A cu 
WOODROOF. 
sweet-scented A or 
field O w 
hairy A l»- 
hirsute ^ A Pi* 
broad-leaved j^i. A 
thick-leaved A pr 
awned ^ A pr 
rough A pr 
narrow-leaved ^ A pr 
small A 
sui)ine ^ A Pi" 
Arcadian ^ A Pi" 
shining A pr 
mountain ^ A P^ 
Field-madder. 
little O w 
wall O w 
■ Blitton-vveed. 
slender O w 
broad-leaved ^ Oil w 
Cross-wort O w 
rooting 23 w 
whorl-flowered tt. I I w 
bristly O w 
red £ EH w 
upright O w 
long-styled O w 
dogwood-leav'd O w 
Fischer's O w 
suffruticose *L I | w 
mucronate j£ (23 w 
W. Cross-wort. 
narrow-leaved O cu 
broad-leaved O cu 
H jl W 
3 my.au W 
1 jn.jl W 
i jn.jl Pu 
Rubiacece. 
4 jn Y 
2 jl Y 
2 jl Y 
4 s Y 
2 jl.au Y 
f jl w 
kubiacece. 
f my.jn W 
i jl Li 
i jn.jl 
i my.jn 
1 ap.jn 
f jn 
1 jl.au 
1 jn.jl 
f jn.jl 
f jl 
f jn 
my 
1 jn 
1 jn.jl 
liubiacecs. 
\ ai).s B 
1 jn.au Y 
Rubiacece. 
2 jn.au Pk 
2 jl W 
1 jl.au W 
2 jn.au 
1| au.s 
1 jn.au 
5 jn.jl 
1 my.jn 
1 my.jn 
1 my.jn 
I jn.au 
2 jn.jl 
Rubiacece. 
i jn.jl Y 
i jn.jl G 
Britain moun. 
Britain hedg. 
N. Amer. 1778. 
Candia 1798. 
Sp. 6—17. 
S. Europe 1596. 
England bu. i>l. 
Majorca 1762. 
Canaries 1779. 
Minorca 1772. 
Siberia 1783. 
Sp. U— 30. 
Britain woods. 
Europe 1596. 
Pyrenees 1817. 
Portugal 1819. 
Italy 1739. 
Levant 177.5. 
■ S. Europe 1823. 
Italy 1824. 
Euroi)e 1764. 
England ch. hil. 
Caucasus 1821. 
Arcadia 1819. 
S. Europe 177.5. 
Hungary 1801. 
Sp. 2. 
Britain cor. fi, 
Italy 1805, 
Sp. 13—65. 
W. Indies 1732. 
Guiana 1803. 
W. Indies 1760. 
Guiana 1803. 
Africa 1732. 
E. Indies 1781. 
1804. 
E. Indies 1820. 
Manilla 1819. 
Brazil 1819. 
Jamaica 1821. 
1824. 
Jamaica 1822. 
Sp. 9—16. 
France 1658. 
France 1633. 
D CO 
S CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D S.1 
D CO 
C l.p 
C p.l 
C l.p 
D p.l 
D s.l 
S CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D s.l 
D s.l 
D CO 
S CO 
S CO 
S s.l 
S s.l 
D s.l 
S CO 
S CO 
Class IV. 
Eng. bot. 105 
Eng. bot. 816 
Alp, ex.167, ties 
Lam. ill. t.60. f.l 
Eng. bot. 851 
Fl. graec. t. 142 
Jac. ic. 1. t. 25 
Lam. ill. t.60. f.2 
Pall. it. 3. t. 2, f.l 
Eng. bot. 755 
Lob. ic. t.801. f.2 
Moris.s.9.t.21.f.l 
Tab. ic. t.733. f.l 
Eng. bot. 33 
Bot. mag. 2146 
Mor.his. t.21, f. 4 
Eng. bot. 891 
Allion. t. 77. f, 1 
Sch. hand.l. t.22 
Aublet. 1. 19. f.l 
Bot. mag. 1558 
Aublet. l.t.20.f.4 
Dii.el.t.277.f.358 
Mur.co.got.3.tS 
Jac.schcen. t.256 
Jac.schcen. t.322 
Ex. bot. 2. t. 109 
Barr. ic. t. 520 
1637 
1624 '1627 '^^rf^^^^ 1629 
History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 
an ingredient in spring-broth. The expressed juice of the herb, taken to the amount of four ounces or a quar- 
ter of a pint night and morning, during several weeks, is very efficacious in removing many of those cutaneous 
eruptions, which are called, though improperly, scorbutic. The seeds have been substituted for coffee. The 
roots, like those of most of the species, will dye red ; and, eaten by birds, tinge their bones of that color. It is 
a very troublesome weed, particularly in young hedges, but being an annual is easily eradicated. 
G. tuberosum is cultivated in China for the roots, which are eaten boiled, either whole or in meal, and Lou- 
reiro says, are esteemed salubrious. It has not yet been introduced. 
267. Rubin. P"rom ruber, red. R. tinctorum has an annual stalk, which trails or climbs, supporting itself 
in the latter case by its leaves and prickles. Its root is composed of many long thick succulent shoots nearly 
half an inch in diameter, striking deep into the ground, and growing to the length of three or four feet. From 
them is procured a well-known red and scarlet dye used by clothiers and callico-printers, and employed to a 
great extent, though chiefly from foreign roots. England was formerly supplied with this article exclusively 
from Holland, and as in times of political derangement the price was greatly increased, its dearness inducted some 
patriotic individuals, who had recently set on foot the Society of Arts, to attempt its culture in England. 
Miller paid great attention to the subject about 1758, publishing separately, as well as in his Dictionary, the 
Dutch practice as observed by him while in Holland. A. Young, in his Annals," details several trials; the 
result of which, and especially those of J. Arbuthnot in 1765, proves, that it could be grown here to as great 
perfection as in Holland, but not sold at so low a price. Its culture was not therefore encouraged, and we 
are now supplied from Holland, France, Italy, and Turkey, and the cochineal is very generally in use as a 
substitute. Like others of the natural order of Rubiacea;, madder tinges with a florid red color the milk, 
urine, and bones of the animals that feed on the plant. The hardest part of the bones receives the color 
first, which gradually extends through the whole substance ; but if the plant be alternatelv given and inter- 
