Order I. 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 
127 
2010 All villous. Leaves ovate oblong and sepals toothed, Involucres very large, Flowers very small 
soil Much branched rough. Branches spreading, Leaves obi. somew. toothed, Sepals lane. ent. Fl. very small 
2012 Roughish erect, Lvs, lane, tooth atten. at base. Prop. ped. elong. upright. Cor. longer than cal. Pet. ov. ent. 
2013 Leaves lanceolate entire villous, Umb. few-flowered. Cor longer than the ovate campanulate calyx 
S014 Smooth, Lvs. lane. lin. tooth, at end, Ped. sprdg. elon. Cor. longer than cal. pet. obcord. {A. cororwpif. B. M.) 
2015 Pubescent, Leaves lane, nearly entire ciliated, Umb. few-flowered. Cor. longer than the turb. calyx 
2016 Caulesc. smooth, Lvs. lin. shining ent. cil. at end, Umb. few-fl. Stalks elong. Cor. longer than turb. calyx 
2017 Caulesc. pubesc. Lvs. scattered lin. subulate ciliat. Umb. few-fl. Stalks short. Cor. longer than turb. calyx 
9018 Leaves elliptical lanceolate smooth, Scapes umbellate 
2019 Lvs. ov. lane, from middle to end acutely toothed. Scape lvs. and stalks rather long, than invol. Cor. shorter 
than angular cal. (a. Bocconi of Gardens.) 
2020 Leaves obovate oblong toothed rugose villous beneath, Umb. radical, Hower-stalks as long as lvs. Cor. flat 
2021 Leaves toothed rugose hairy on both sides. Umbel many-flowered with outer flowers noddmg. Cor. flat 
2022 Lvs. toothed rugose hairy beneath, Umb. many-flowered. Flowers all nodding, Cal. angular. Cor. concave 
2023 Lvs cuneate lane. rug. cren. tooth, powdery, Umb. many-fl. Ped. spread. Tube gland, at end, Limb flat the 
2024 Leaves sessile lane, spatul. entire smooth on both sides. Outer fl. nodding [length of tube 
2025 Lvs. cordate stalked doubly crenate smooth beneath hairy at the veins. Stalks villous, Umb. many-fl. erect 
2026 Leaves cordate crenate-lobed very rugose. Corolla acutely toothed 
2027 Leaves oblong spatulate toothed green on each side. Leaves of involucre auricled at base 
2028 Leaves obL oval serrulate villous pale green. Scape 2-3-fl. erect rounded, Cal. globose, Tube of cor. villous 
2029 Leaves lane, flat finely toothed smooth, Umb. many-fl. erect, Leaves of invol. connate at base 
2030 Leaves smooth on each side crenate powdery at edge, Cal. very short (P. crenata, Lehm.) 
2031 Leaves obov. ent. or serr. fleshy. Scape central as long as lvs. Umb. erect, Inv. with short lvs. Cal. powdery 
2032 Leaves spatulate serrated smooth. Scape lateral. Umbel nodding. Involucre with large leaves 
2033 Leaves elliptical nearly entire thickish cartilaginous at edge, Umb. 2-3-fl. erect, Cal. tubular obtuse 
2034 Leaves ovate entire stalked smooth, Umb. erect 3-fl. Cal. campanulate, Cor. cyathiform 
2035 Leaves wedge-shaped shining many-toothed at end. Scape about 1-fl. Petals half bifid like a Y 
2036 Leaves stalked ovate cordate rugose, Umbel proliferous, Cal. inflated 
2037 Lvs. Ian. obov. tooth, stlk. beneath nearly nak. Um. few-fl. erect, Lvs. of inv. Ian. Pet. obov. short, than tube 
2038 Resembles P. farinosa. Distinguished by its flat corolla, and more robust habit 
2039 Leaves obovate oblong close toothed smooth somewhat wavy, Umb. pubesc. Cal. ovate gaping. Cor. flat 
2040 Leaves obovate spatulate beneath and scape mealy. Segments obcordate toothed 
2041 Leaves obovate tongue-shaped entire vill. viscid, Umb. many-fl. erect, Leaves of inv. ovate short membr. 
2042 Leaves flat coarsely serrated acute, Cal. viscid. Pedicels longer than scape 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
agreed on by the general consent of florists ; they were first brought forward by the Dutch, and are now to be 
found in the treatises on florists' flowers of all countries : one of the best in this country is Maddocks's Florist's 
Directory. 
The culture of P. veris as a border flower is abundantly simple, as it will grow any where, but best in a situ- 
ation shaded from the mid-day sun, and in a loamy soil ; but its culture as a florists' flower, the crossing to 
procure new varieties, and all the various cares of the florist involve details much too tedious for this work, if 
they were to be given at such length as to be of real use. We refer to Haddocks, Emerton, and Hogg, and to 
the Encyclopedia of Gardening. 
P. elatior is found in the same situations as the primrose, but is much less common than either it or P. veris. 
It has little or no smell. Sir J E. Smith considers it as probably a hybrid between the cowslip and primrose. 
There are two or three varieties of oxlip, but they are not considered as florists' flowers. 
P. veris smells more strongly of anise than the primrose. Its leaves have been used as a pot-herb, and in 
salads, and are recommended for feeding silk-worms. The flowers make a pleasant wine, flavored like mus- 
cadel, but considered somniferous. Liquors and syrups are sometimes tinctured with the leaves. Having been 
less cultivated than the primrose, there are but few varieties of this plant in gardens. They may be raised 
from seed, however, to any extent, as Messrs. Gibbs, of the Brompton nursery, and others, have lately proved. 
P. auricula is a well known favorite of the flori^st. It is a native of the alpine regions of Italy, Switzerland, 
and Germany, and found also about Astracan. The most common colors in its wild state are yellow and red, 
sometimes purple, and occasionally variegated or mealy. The cultivated are innumerable, and many of them 
of exquisite beauty and fragrance. The leaves in different varieties differ almost as much as the flowers, a 
circumstance which does not take place to the same extent in the variations of P. vulgaris or veris. Near 
most of the manufacturing towns of England, and many in Scotland, the culture of this flower forms a favorite 
amusement of weavers and mechanics. Lancashire has been long famous for its auriculas : it is no uncommon 
thing there for a working man who earns, perhaps, from 18s. to 30s. per week, to give two guineas for a new 
variety of auricula, with a view to crossing it with some other, and raising seedlings of new properties, , 
