136 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 
Class V. 
381. HYOSCY'AMUS. 
2180n'iger W. 
(3 annuus 
SlSlalbus W. 
2182 reticulatus W. 
2183 Senecionis W. en. 
2184 a<ireus W. 
2185 canariensis Ke): 
2186pusmus W. 
2187 physaloides W. 
2188 Scopolia W. 
2189 agrestis Kit. 
2190pallidus W.^K. 
2191 miiticus L. 
2192 orientalis Bieb. 
W. Henbane. 
common Q) P 
annual O P 
white O w 
Egyptian O w 
yellow-flowered;^ lAJ w 
golden lAI w 
various-leaved tt. i | cu 
dwarf O w 
purple-flowered A w 
Nightsh.-leav'd ^ A w 
field O w 
pale O w 
blunt-calyxed C2) w 
eastern A or 
Solane(B. Sp. 13—14. 
1 jn.jl 
1 jnjl 
2 jl.au 
1 jl.au 
1| mr.o 
1 mr.o 
U ja.d 
mr.ap 
St Britain rub, 
St Europe 1818. 
Pa.W S.Europe 1570. 
R Egypt 1640. 
Y Egypt 
Y Levant 
Y Canaries 1816. 
Y Persia 1691. 
Pu Siberia 
1812. 
1640. 
1777. 
1 ap.my D.Pu Carolina 1780. 
1 ap.my Y.Vy Hungary 1820. 
1 ap.my Y Hungary 1815. 
1 mr.ap Y.Pu Egypt 1822. 
IJap Pu Iberia 1821. 
S s.l Eng. bot.591 ' 
S s.l Bot. mag. 2394 
S CO Black w. t. Ill 
S CO Com.hort.77.t.22 
C s.l 
S r.m Bot. mag. 87 
D s.l Bot. reg. 180 
D s.l Plk. aim. t.37. f.5 
Bot. mag. 852 
Bot. mag. 1126 
Sweet fl. gard.27 
D p.l 
D p.l 
S p.l 
S p.l 
S p.l 
D s.l 
Bot. mag. 2414 
382. NICOTIA'NA. W. 
2193 Tabacum W. 
2194 macrophylla W. en. 
2195 fruticosa W. 
2196 undulata R. Br. 
2197 rustica W. 
2198 paniculata W. 
2199 glutinosa W. 
2200 plumbaginifolia W.en 
2201pusilla W. 
2202 quadrivalvis Ph. 
2203 nana Lindl. 
2204 Langsdorffii W. en. 
2205 cerinthoides Lehm. 
2206repanda W. 
Tobacco. 
Virginian 
large-leaved 
shrubby *L 
sweet-scented 
common-green 
panicled 
clammy 
curled-leaved 
Primrose-leav'd^ 
four-valved 
Rocky-mount. 
LangsdorfF's 
Honeywort 
Havannah 
O clt 
O or 
I I or 
lAJclt 
O clt 
O or 
0 or 
[ Al or 
01 or 
O or 
lOI cu 
O or 
O or 
O clt 
Solanece. Sp. 
jl.au Pk 
jl.au 
jl.au 
my.s 
jl.s 
jl.s 
jl.s 
my.jn 
au 
jl.au 
5 au 
2 au 
2 jn.jl 
14—26. 
America 1570. S 
America ... S 
China 
N. S. W. 
America 
Peru 
Peru 
America 1816. 
Vera Cruz 1733. 
N.^Amer. 1811. 
N. Amer. 1823. 
Chili 1819. 
1821. 
Havannahl823. 
1699. 
1800. 
1570. 
1752. 
17.';9. 
r.m Blackw. 1. 146 
S r.m 
C r.m 
D r.m Bot. mag. 673 
S CO Blackw. t. 437 
S r.m Flor. per. 2. t.l29 
S r.m Bot. rep. 484 
r.m Jacq. fragm. t.84 
r.m Mil.ic.2.t.l85.f2 
r.m Bot. mag. 1778 
CO Bot. reg. 833 
CO Bot. mag. 2221 
CO Lehm. nic. t. 2 
CO Bot. mag. 2484 
2187 
History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 
381. Hyoscyamus. From u; vo?, a pig, and xvbi/u,os, a bean ; the frOit has been thought to resemble a bean, 
and, although dangerous to other animals, is said to be eaten by pigs with safety. H. niger is a well-known 
foetid weed, which follows civilized man, growing on rubbish of old houses, dunghills, &c. It has a strong 
peculiar odor, greatly affecting the heads of some persons, and the whole plant is reputed poisonous. Sir 
J. E. Smith and Professor Martyn say they have often eaten the seeds without suffering inconvenience. 
Lightfoot, on the contrary, says, a few of them have been known to deprive a man of his reason and limbs. 
A species of bug (Cimex) and of beetle (Chrysomela) take their specific names from feeding on the plant ; 
but no quadruped is known to eat it, unless the goat and sheep, and that very rarely and sparingly. As a medi- 
cine, henbane is of immemorial use, and is still continued in the Pharmacopoeias. It is given with or without 
opium in coughs, epilepsy, convulsions, &c. Country people sometimes smoke the leaves for the toothach. 
382. Nicotiana. So named from John Nicot of Nismes, in Languedoc, ambassador from the king of France 
to Portugal, who procured the seeds from a Dutchman who had received them from Florida. The first plant 
was said to have been presented to Catherine de Medicis, v/hence the French name Herbe a la Reine. The 
name tobacco, which has superseded all others, is the appellation of a district of Mexico. Petum or Petume, 
Bras., Tabac, Fr., Tdback, Ger., and Tabac, Ital. The species grown as tobacco are the N. tabacum and 
rustica ; the former greatly preferred. The popular narcotic which it furnishes is probably in more extensive 
use than any other, and its only rival is the betel of the east. According to Linnzeus, tobacco was known in 
Europe from 1560. It was brought to England from Tobago in the West Indies, or Tobasco in Mexico, (and 
hence the name,) by Ralph Lane, in 1586, but only the herb for smoking. Afterwards, according to H^kluyt, 
seeds were introduced from the same quarter. Sir Walter Raleigh first introduced smoking : in the house in 
which he lived at Islington are his arms on a shield, with a tobacco plant on the top. Smoking has consequently 
been common in Europe for upwards of two centuries. It is a powerful narcotic, and also a strong stimulant 
with respect to the whole system, but especially to the stomach and intestines, to which, in small doses, it 
proves emetic and purgative. The smoke thrown up the anus acts as a glyster : an infusion of the leaves 
forms a powerful lotion for obstinate ulcers : the oil applied to a wound, is said by Redi to be as fatal as the 
poison of a viper. The decotion, powder, and smoke of tobacco, are used in gardening to destroy insects, and 
in agriculture for the same purpose, and to cure cutaneous eruptions in domestic animals. 
Tobacco, as used by man, says Du Tour, {Nouveau Cours d' Agriculture-, &c.) gives pleasure to the savage and 
the philosopher, to the inhabitant of the burning desert and frozen zone. In short, its use either in powder, to 
chew, or to smoke, is universal ; and for no other reason than a sort of convulsive motion (sneezing) produced 
by the first, and a degree of intoxication by the two last modes of usage. A hundred volumes, he adds, have 
been written against it, of which a German has preserved the titles. Among these books is that of James 
Stuart, king of England, who violently opposed it. The Grand Duke of Moscow forbade its entrance into his 
territory imder pain of the knout for the first offence, and death for the next. The emperor of the Turks, 
king of Persia, and Pope Urban VIII. issued similar prohibitions, all of which were as ridiculous as those 
which attended the introduction of coffee or Jesuit's bark. At present, all the sovereigns of Europe, and most 
of those of other parts of the world derive a considerable part of their revenue from tobacco. 
Tobacco is cultivated in Europe as far north as Sweden, and is also grown in China, Japan, and other eastern 
