Orber I. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 171 
2779 Flowers whorled terminal. Leaves deciduous, the upper perfoliate 
2780 Heads term, generally 3 together, Lvs. decid. pubes. opp. upper perfo. smooth, lower with stalks only conn. 
2781 Whorls in heads with bracteje, Lvs. deciduous glaucous beneath. Upper perfoliate, Cor. gibbous at base 
2782 Spikes nearly naked terminal, Lvs. oblong evergreen, the upper perfoliate. Tube of cor. ventricose above 
2783 Flowers whorled terminal, Leaves evergreen obovate glaucous beneath. Upper perfoliate 
2784 Whorls in heads, Cor. ringent, Segm. obi. obt. Lvs. deciduous ovate glaucous beneath. Upper perfoliate 
2785 Whorls terminal capitate glandular. Leaves pubescent the upper connate perfoliate 
2786 Flowers capitate terminal, Leaves evergreen all distinct 
2787 Flowers capitate terminal. Leaves deciduous all distinct 
2788 Flowers in pairs terminal sessile. Leaves evergreen all distinct 
2789 Flowers sessile with distinct berries. Leaves ovate entire smooth, Stem wavy 
2790 Pedunc. 2-flowered longer than flowers. Leaves entire ovate-elliptical pubescent 
2791 Pedunc. 2-flowered, Leaves obovate lanceolate smooth glaucous beneath 
2792 Berries united. Leaves oval-lanceolate 
2793 Berries globose united, Styles undivided 
2794 Leaves elliptical entire 
2795 Leaves cordate obtuse 
2796 Leaves ovate and cordate ciliated. Cor. with an evident spur 
2797 Pedunc. 2-flowered shorter than flowers. Berries twin. Leaves cordate roundish tomentosc 
2798 Flowers axillary capitate clustered 
2799 Raceme terminal. Cor. bearded inside 
2800 Leaves cordate ovate, Berries distinct, Pedunc. axillary 2-flowered shorter than leaf 
2801 The only species. Racemes terminal. Leaves serrated 
2802 Leaves oval acuminate. Leaves abruptly narrowed at base, Axillee l-many-flowered 
2803 Stem hispid. Leaves ovat-lanceolate somewhat connate. Axillae 1-flowered 
2804 Leaves oblong ovate acuminate. Peduncles axillary aggregate. Cor. 5-cleft 
2805 Leaves oblong lanceolate acuminate. Panicle few-flowered trifid terminal. Cor. 4-cleft 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
C. arabica is an erect, conicai-shaped, low tree, with a light brown bark, and opposite, oblong, wavy, shining, 
light green leaves ; flowers in clusters at the base of the leaves, white, of a grateful odor, but of short duration ; 
berries green, red when fully grown, and black when ripe. A decoction of this berry forms the well known 
beverage which is said to have been drank in Ethiopia from time immemorial. It was introduced into Arabia 
from Persia about the middle of the 15th century, and proceeded by Mecca, Medina, and Grand Cairo, 
Damascus, and Aleppo to Constantinople, where two coffee-houses were opened in 1554. It is thought to 
narebeen introduced to Venice soon after 1615 : it was known at Marseilles in 1644, and Thevenot, a French 
traveller, brought it to Paris in 1657. Till 1660, it was drank by such only as had been accustomed to it in the 
Levant. Aliout the end of the 17th century a coffee-house was opened at Paris, by one Pascal, an Armenian, 
who, not succeeding, came to London, where coffee had been previously introduced by Daniel Edwards, a 
Turkey merchant, who brought home with him a Greek servant, Pasqua Roffee, who understood the 
roasting and making of coffee, and afterwards set up a coffee-shed, which he was enabled in time to turn to a 
house in the churchyard of St. Michael's, Cornhill, In 1688 Ray affirms that London might rival Grand 
Cairo in the number of its coffee-houses. 
The coffee-tree was first introduced to Europe through the Dutch, who procured some berries at Mocha to 
be sown at Batavia ; which being done in the year 1690, Governor Witsen presented a plant to the botanic 
garden of Amsterdam, where it bore fruit and produced many young plants. From these the East Indies and 
most of the gardens of Europe have been furnished. Coffee was afterwards cultivated by the Dutch in 
Sunnam in 1718, and by the French in Cayenne and the Mauritius soon afterwards. It was next grown in 
Martinique, and so spread to the neighbouring islands and to Jamaica in 1730, or earlier. The plants are raised 
irom seeds, then transplanted into nursery fines. Plantations are made chiefly on hills and the skirts of 
mountains, and, if possible, where the soil is moist and shaded. The trees are planted from five to ten feet 
*P^rt, accordmg to the goodness of the soil and situation. They produce fruit the next year after planting ; 
f n ^"^.P'^oduce of a good tree is from 1a to 2 lbs. of berries. The berries are gathered when they begin to 
laU, and m this state their pulpy bark begins to shrivel. They are further dried under sheds, and there passed 
oetween wooden rollers to separate the husk from the kernel ; and afterwards sifted, winnowed, and put into 
casks for sale. In Arabia the plant and berries are much smaller than in the West Indies, and the flavor in 
