Order T. 
PENTANDIIIA MONOGYNIA. 
17T 
2861 Leaves cordate acuminate nearly equally toothed smooth on both sides, Racemes loosely many-fruited 
2862 Leaves unequally cut toothed shortly trifid, Stalk nerves and edge pubescent 
2863 Leaves shining on both sides reniform cordate equally toothed, Flowers in many little heads 
•2864 Leaves quinate. Leaflets many-cleft 
2865 Shoots very ca^sious, Leaves cordate angular 
2866 Leaves cordate acute toothed 3-lobed, Nerves villous beneath, Racemes twm bifid 
2867 Leaves bipinnate smooth. Leaflets cut-lobed. Racemes stalked twin bifid 
2868 Leaves palmate 3-5-leaved smooth on both sides. Leaflets stalked oblong acuminate 
2869 Leaves palmate 3-5-leaved on each side pubescent, Leaflets ovate acuminate coarsely toothed 
2870 Flowers monogynous hermaphrodite erect. Caps. 3-coccous, Stalks rusty tomentose 
2871 Flowers hermaphrodite trigynous axillary in umbels, Leaves elliptical acute entire villous beneath 
2872 Spines terminal. Leaves linear-lanceolate serrate acute 
2873 Unarmed, Leaves lane, acute at each end serrated with hairs at the axillee. Flowers axillary clustered 
2874 Spines terminal, Flowers 4-cleft dioecious, Leaves ovate. Stem erect. Berry 4-seeded 
2875 Spines terminal, Flowers 4-cleft dioecious. Stems procumbent 
2876 Spines terminal, Leaves linear entire obtuse 
2877 Spines terminal. Leaves oblong entire 
2878 Branches spiny. Flowers 4-cleft or trifid dioecious. Leaves oblong obtuse evergreen 
2879 Spines terminal. Flowers 4-cleft hermaphrodite 
2880 Spines terminal. Leaves ovate serrulate. Branches divaricating 
2881 Leaves ovate entire smooth sessile. Branches square 
2882 Unarmed, Leaves lanceolate serrulate acute at each end pubescent beneath 
2883 Flowers dioecious. Leaves ovate-lanceolate glandular crenulate 
2884 Creeping, Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves stalked ovate crenate 
2885 Flowers monogynous hermaphrodite. Leaves entire smooth, Berry 2-seeded 
2886 Flowers monogynous hermaphrodite, Cal. villous. Leaves elliptical entire acuminate rounded at base 
2887 Flowers hermaphrodite racemose. Leaves ovate bluntly serrated smooth at the base glandular 
2888 Flowers polygamous. Style triple. Leaves ovate serrated 
2889 Flowers hermaphrodite. Stigma triple, Leaves cordate. Branches with tendrils 
2890 Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves oval acuminate serrated veiny beneath 
2891 Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves oblong acuminate scarcely perennial 
2892 Flowers dioecious, Stigma triple. Leaves evergreen elliptical serrated acute at the base obtuse 
2893 Flowers dioecious, Stigma triple. Leaves evergreen lanceolate acute at each end mucronate toothed 
2894 Leaves ovate ribbed veiny repand, Flowei--stalks one flowered. Stem erect 
2895 Dioecious unarmed. Stem twining. Leaves ovate mucronate repand subcrenate striated 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
town of Rheims are two branches intertwined. R. catharticus was formerly used in medicine, and is stil 
emploj'ed in color-making, and sometimes in dying. The juice of the unripe berries has the color of saffron, 
and is used for staining maps or paper. They are sold under the name of French berries, as those of R. Clusii 
are, under the name of Avignon berries. The juice of the French berries when ripe, and mixed with alum, 
is the sap green of the painters ; but if the berries be gathered late in the autumn, the juice is purple. The 
bark affords a beautiful yellow dye. The inner bark, like that of elder, is said to be a strong cathartic, and to 
excite vomiting. The berries operate briskly by stool, but occasion thirst and griping. It is said by Woodville 
that the flesh of birds which feed on them is purgative. 
R. lycioides furnishes the wood of which the Monguls make their images, on account of its hardness and 
orange red color. 
R. saxatilis greatly resembles R. catharticus. The berries are used to dye the Maroquin or Morocco leather 
yellow. 
R. tbeezans has leaves like the common tea, which are used as such by the poor of China, and called Tia. 
{Osbeck.) 
R. frangula has dark purple berries, which are purgative, like those of the common buckthorn. Gathered 
before they are ripe they dye wool green and yellow ; when ripe, blue-gray, blue, and green. The bark dyes 
yellow, and with preparations of iron, black. From a quarter to half an ounce of the inner bark boiled in 
small beer, is a sharp purge. In dropsies or constipations of the bowels in cattle, it is a very certain purgative. 
The flowers are particularly grateful to bees. Goats devour the leaves voraciously ; and sheep will eat them. 
Charcoal prepared from the wood is used by the makers of gunpowder. The berries of this species, and 
also of the comus, are said to be brought to market and sold for those of the buckthorn ; but they are easily 
distinguished, the true buckthorn having four seeds, this two, and the cornus one. 
R. hybridus is the offspring of R. alpinus and alaternus, first procured by L'Heritier about 1778. 
R. alaternus is an ornamental evergreen, with mellifluous blossoms, much frequented by bees. It is some- 
times confounded with the Phillyrea; but they may be easily distinguished by the position of their leaves, 
which are alternate in these, but placed opposite by pairs in that. It is a rapid growing shrub, and useful for 
'"jckening screens, clothing walls, &c. 
504. (Enoplia. From oivosrXv^, vinous. Its little fruit, full of juice, resembles the berry of a grape. The 
Rhamnus volubilis and lineatus belong to this genus, and are beautiful little climbing plants, but rather 
impatient of cold. 
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