Order III. DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 401 
6660 Leaves lanceolate wavy hairy 
6661 Leaves linear toothed at base, Styles 4 
6662 Leaves linear entire. Styles 4, Barren florets 2 
6663 Leaves linear entire, Fl. trigynous. Fruit clavate, Stem twiggy 
6664 Leaves lanceolate entire. Fruit stellate 
6665 Nearly related to R. luteola, but the leaves are not toothed at base 
6666 Leaves pinnate recurved at end, Styles 4, Involucre 5-parted spreading. Stem half shrubby 
6667 Leaves pinnate. Styles 4, Involucres 6-parted 
6668 Branches above and younger leaves covered with large distinct blisters 
6669 Leaves pinnate wavy. Styles 3 or 4 
6670 Leaves bipinnatifid very rough. Flowers spiked 
6671 Leaves all trifid : segments of the upper leaves linear flat ; of the lower lanceol. wavy. Stem quite &imple 
6672 Leaves linear simple or trifid. Stem erect branched. Fruit obovate 
6673 Leaves all trifid : the lower pinnate 
6674 Leaves entire and 3-lobed, Involucres 6-parted very large 
6675 Leaves entire and 3-lobed, Involucres shorter than florets 
6676 Leaves entire and 3-lobed, Involucres as long as florets 
^ 1. SteTnthick,fleshy,naked, or with a few leaves. Flowers dispersed. 
* Prickly. 
6677 Fleshy prickly compressed channelled inflexed at end. Prickles twin diverging 
6678 Naked erect prickly triangular jointed, Branches erect somewhat channelled 
6679 Prickly nearly naked triangular jointed. Branches spreading 
6680 Naked prickly jointed with 3-cornered expanded branches obsoletely marbled with white 
6681 Prickly naked nearly quadrangular, Prickles twin hooked, Fl. subsessile 
6682 Prickly naked with 7 angles. Prickles solitary subulate flower-bearing 
6683 Prickly naked erect with 9 angles. Prickles solitary flower-bear, ascending fuscous, Branches pendulous 
6684 Prickly half naked, Angles warted with spines between. The young warts leafy 
6685 Prickly naked with many angles, Prickles solitary subulate 
6686 Prickly naked with many angles. Prickles twin 
6687 Prickly naked with numerous simple erect 10-13-angled stems, Prickles dark 
6688 Prickly half naked. Prickles twin. Angles obliquely warted leafy upwards. Leaves oblong 
6689 Stem round half naked leafy upwards. Leaves lane, linear, Peduncle 1-fl. at length spiny 
6690 Prickles twin. Stem rounded or angular. Angles obliquely warted, Leaves nearly oblong 
8691 Prickles twin horizontal. Stem rounded simple. Leaves oblong spatulate very large 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
floret in the middle. In support of this opinion, we may observe, firstly, that there is a difference in the 
time of expansion of the neutral florets, and of the stamens of the fertile one ; the former being quite open, 
in very many capituli, before one anther of the latter has burst in a single flower. Secondly, that there is an 
evident analogy between the appendages of the neutral florets, and the stamens of the perfect florets; 
inasmuch as in Reseda odorata those of the upper sterile florets are of nearly the same number as the real 
stamens ; because in Reseda alba, and some others, in which a union of filaments takes place in the perfect floret, 
there is a corresponding but more complete union of the sterile appendages ; and because occasionally, in 
Reseda odorata, stamens are changed into bodies altogether similar to the sterile appendages, and in Reseda 
Phyteuma the same appearance is always assumed by the perfect stamens after the anthers have performed 
their functions. Thirdly, that there is an equal analogy between the calyx of the neutral florets, and that of 
the perfect floret ; because both have a peculiar glandular margin ; the same form ; both produce their 
stamens from their surface; and because the upper edge of the calyx in sterile florets has the same relation to 
the axis of each particular head, as that of the perfect floret has to the axis of the whole inflorescence. In 
Reseda Phyteuma, which has the margin of its neutral florets rolled back, the same thing occurs in the 
perfect floret. Fourthly, that there is no instance of the same analogy existing between the discus and petals 
of other plants. "We may also observe, that in Reseda Phyteuma, there is a campanulate tube to the calyx, 
into the upper edge of which the stamens are inserted. 
" To determine the affinity of Reseda to other orders, will not be so easy as to explain its structure. One 
cannot avoid remarking the resemblance between its calyx and the squama of Amentaceae and Ulmacea;. 
Ficoideffi, Grossulacese and Cacti, on account of placentation and structure of seed, may be supposed to 
have a certain relation to it : as may Chenopodeje with regard to inflorescence, absence of petals, and habit. 
But we are disposed to believe its real place in the system is in the neighbourhood of Euphorbiaceae, where 
we have placed it in Flora Scotica. They agree with it in having the same sort of aggregation of flowers, 
similar habit, no corolla, and ternary division of ovarium. The insertion of their ovula is the same, as is also 
the direction of the radicle. They differ, however, firstly, in the presence of albumen ; which yet is not 
entirely absorbed in Reseda till the seed is perfectly ripe, and which exists even after that time in the seed of 
R. alba, where it is fleshy as in Euphorbiace<B. Secondly, in their solitary seeds ; in which respect Resedaceje 
may be supposed to bear the same relation to Euphorbiacese as Campanulaceae do to Compositse ; or as some 
sections of Rubiaceae to the others. In R. suffruticulosa the ovules appeared to be reduced to a single row, 
and the same is said to obtain in Ochradenus. Thirdly, in elastic dehiscence of capsule ; but as this is not 
universal in Euphorbiaceae, it is not, strictly speaking, an objection of importance." {Lindley's Coll. Bot.) 
1103. Euphorbia. Euphorbus was physician to Juba, king of Mauritania, and first used this plant in 
medicine. This is a genus of grotesque and curious plants, few of them of either beauty or use, and most of 
D d 
