460 
POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 
Class XIII. 
1164. ACT^'A. Ph. 
7649 spicata IV. en. 
7650 americana Ph. 
a alba 
(3 rUbi-a 
ACT-EA. 
Bane-berry 
American 
white-berried 
red-berried 
^ A ox 
^ A or 
:^ A or 
:^ A or 
1165. SANGUINA'RIA. W. Puccoon. 
7651 canadensis W. Bloodwort A pr 
1166. PODOPHYL'LUM. W. Duck's-foot. 
7652peltatum W. May- Apple A cu 
1167. CHELIDO'NIUM. W. Celandine. 
7653 majus W. common ^ 
7654 laciniatum W. en. jagged ^ 
1168. ROME'RIA. Med. Romeria 
7655 hybrida Dec. hybrid O or 2 
Chelidonium hybridum L. 
1169. GLAU'CIUM. J. Horn-Poppy. 
7656 luteum H. K. yellow 
7657 fulvum H. K. orange 
7658 phceniceum H. K. red 
1170. PAPA'VER. W. Poppy. 
7659 hybridum W. mongrel 
7660 Argemone W. rough 
7661 alpinum W. Alpine • 
7662 nudicaiile W. naked-stalked 
/3 lUteum yellow-flowered 
A w 
A or 
O or 
Q) or 
O or 
O or 
O or 
A or 
Q) or 
Q) or 
Ranunculacece. Sp. 2. 
3 ap.jn W Britain m. wo, R s.l 
3 ap.jn W N. Amer. ... R p.l 
3 ap.jn W N. Amer. ... R p.l 
3 ap.jn R N. Amer. ... R p.l 
Papaveracece. Sp 1. 
I mr.ap W N. Amer. 1680. R s.p 
Podophyllacece. Sp. 1 — 2. 
1 my W N. Amer. 1654. D s.p 
Papaveracece. Sp. 2 — 5. 
2 ap.o Y Britain sha.ba. D co 
2 ap.o Y S. Europe ... D co 
Papaveracece. Sp. 1 — 3. 
my.jn Pu Britain hed. S co 
Papaveracece. Sp. 3 — 5. 
2 jn o Y Britain san.sh. S co 
2 au.s Or S. Europe 1802. S co 
2 jn.jl R England san. fi. S co 
PapaveracecB. Sp. 11—26 
1| jn.jl S 
li jn.jl S 
f jn.jl Y 
1| jn.au Or 
1| jn.au Y 
England chal.fi. S co 
Britain corn fi. R co 
Austria 1759. S co 
Siberia 1730. S s.l 
Siberia 1730. S s.l 
Eng. bot. 918 
Corn.canad, t.77 
Bot. mag. 162 
Bot. mag. 1819 
Eng. bot. 1581 
Mill.ic.1. t.92.f.2 
Eng. bot. t. 201 
Eng. bot 8 
Sweet fl. gard.35 
Eng. bot. 1433 
Eng. bot. 43 
Eng. bot. 643 
Jac. aus. 1. t. 83 
Bot. mag. 2344 
Bot. mag. 1633 
History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 
1164. Actcsa. Axvvi was the Greek name of the elder, which this plant resembles in foliage and fruit. 
Weed-like plants seldom seen in gardens. The berries of A. spicata are poisonous, and with alum yield a 
black dye. The tubers of A. racemosa are called snake root, and much used in North America by self- 
practitioners, and as an antidote against poison and the bite of the rattle snake. 
1165. Sanguinaria. From sanguis, blood. All parts of the plant on being wounded discharge a blood- 
colored fluid. This is a singular and very delicate looking plant. It has a tuberous fleshy root with red 
fibres and a reddish juice : from each bud of the root there springs only a single fig-like glaucous leaf, with a 
one-flowered scape ; the flower has no smell, and is very fugacious. It abounds in the woods of Canada, and 
in the back settlements, where the Indians stain themselves with its red juice. 
1166. Podophyllum. From jrs? voho;, a foot, and <pvXXov, a leaf j in allusion to the long firm stalk on which the 
leaves are placed. Low neat herbaceous plants, with white flowers hidden by the overshadowing broad leaves. 
1167. Chelidonium. From x;sX/§^ov, the swallow, because it was thought to flower with the arrival of that 
bird, and to perish with its departure. The English word celandine appears to be a corruption of 
chelidonium. The juice of C. majus is of an orange color and very acrimonious. It cures tetters and 
ringworms. Diluted with milk it consumes white opake spots on the eyes. It destroys warts, and cures the 
itch. There is no doubt but a medicine of such activity will one day be converted to more important pur- 
poses. {Withering.) The root, according to Loureiro, is extremely bitter, and greatly esteemed among the 
natives of Cochin-China, for a variety of uses in medicine. 
1168. Romeria. Named after J. J. Romer, professor of botany at Landshut, and the collaborator of 
Schultz in an edition of the Species Plantarum of Willdenow. He died in 1820. A genus intermediate 
between Chelidonium, Glaucium, and Papaver. 
1169. Glaucium. All the parts of the species appear covered with a glaucous bloom. Handsome sea-coast 
plants. G. luteum has large and numerous flowers, which, although of short duration, succeed one another 
in great abundance during most part of the summer, make a fine contrast with the sea-green dew-bespangled 
leaves, and are a great ornament to our sandy shores. The whole plant abounds in a yellow juice, is foetid, and 
of a poisonous quality, and said to occasion madness. • 
1170. Papaver. Said by De Theis to have been so called from the Celtic papa, which signifies pap, or the 
soft food given to children, in which the seeds were formerly boiled to make the infants sleep. Opium is 
derived from ojzroj, juice ; it is supposed to have been the Nepenthes of Homer. Rhceas, the name of one of 
the species, is from piu, to flow or fall, in allusion to the quickly perishable nature of the flowers. The poppy 
produces a great quantity of seeds, for which reason Cybele, the mother of the gods, is represented crowned 
with poppy-heads as a symbol of fecundity. 
The species of this genus are all shewy, with large, brilliant, but fugacious flowers. They are all easy of 
culture in almost any soil ; and one species affords that singular medicine opium. P. Rhoeas is one of the 
commonest weeds among corn on gravelly soils ; but in its double and semidouble variegated varieties, it is 
also one of the handsomest of garden annuals. The capsules, as in P. somniferum, contain a milky juice of a 
narcotic quality : an extract from them has been successfully employed as a sedative ; and some foreign 
practitioners are said to prefer this extract to opium. 
P. somniferum, although it is found growing wild in the southern parts of Europe, and even in England, yet 
there is every reason for thinking that its seed must have been carried to these parts from Asia. It was very 
early cultivated in Greece, perhaps at first solely for the sake of its seed, which was used as food. It ia 
extensively cultivated in most of the states of Europe in the present age, not only on account of the opium. 
