462 
POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 
Class XIII. 
7663 armeniacum Lam. Armenian O or 1| jn.s Y 
7664 Rhce'as W. common-corn O or 2 jn.jl So 
7665 dubium W. smooth O or 2 jn.jl So 
7666 caucasicum M. B. Caucasian O or jn.jl Y 
7667 floribundum Desf. many-flowered ^ Q) or 1| jn.jl So 
7668 somnlferum W. garden O 4 jl.au W 
7669 orientale W. oriental ^ A or 3 my.jn R 
7670 bracteatum Lindl. bracted A or 3 my.jn R 
1171. MECONOP'SIS. Vig. Meconopsis. 
7671 cambrica Vig. Welsh A 
1172. ARGEMO'NE. W. Argemone. 
7672 mexicana W. 
|S albiflora Sims. 
1173. SARRACE'NIA. 
7673flava W. 
7674 variolaris Ph. 
Mexican O or 
white-flowered O or 
W. Side-saddle-Flower. 
yellow 
hook-leaved 
adunca Ex. bot. t. 53 
7675 rubra W. 
psittaclna Ph. 
7676 purpurea JV. 
red 
1174. NYMPHiE'A. 
7677 alba W. 
7678 odorata W. 
(3 minor 
7679 nitida B. M. 
7680 pygma'a H. K. 
7681 Lotus W. 
7682 pubescens W. 
7683 rubra B. M 
rosea B. M. 
W. 
purple = 
Watkr-Lily. 
white = 
sweet-scented i 
small, sweet-sc. = 
cup-flowered ^ 
pigmy i 
Egyptian Lotus= 
^ ^ cu 
^ _AJ cu 
Al cu 
Al cu 
Papaveracece. 
1 my.au Y 
Papaveracece. 
2 jl.au Y 
2 jl.au W 
Papaveraceis t 
2 jn.jl Y 
1 jn.jl Y 
Armenia 1815. S 
Britain corn fi. S 
Britain san. fi. S 
Caucasus 1813. S 
Levant 1815. S 
England cornfi. R 
Levant 1714. R 
Siberia 1818. R 
Sp. 1—4. 
England al.roc. R 
Sp. 1. 
Mexico 1592. S 
Mexico 1821. S 
affinis. Sp. 4 — 6. 
N. Amer. 1752. R 
N. Amer. 1803. R 
CO Eng. bot. 645 
CO Eng. bot. 644 
CO Bot. mag. 1675 
CO Bot. reg. 134 
CO Eng. bot. 2145 
CO Bot. mag. 57 
CO Lindl. coU. 23 
s.p Eng. bot. 66 
s.p Bot. mag. 243 
s.p Bot. mag. 2342 
m.s Bot. mag. 780 
m.s Bot. mag. 1710 
1 jn.jl Pu N. Amer. 1786. R m.s Hook. ex. fl. 13 
m.s Bot. mag. 849 
1 jn.jl Pu N. Amer. 1640. R 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
GS or 
Indian Lotus i [Z3 or 
red-flowered ^ CZ3 or 
rose-colored * 23 or 
Nymph 
jn.jl 
jl 
jl 
jl.au 
my.s 
jn.s 
my.au Pk 
jl.au R 
jl.au Pk 
Sp. 10—20. 
Britain riv.,&c. 
N. Amer. 1786. 
N. Amer. 1812. 
Siberia 1809. 
China 1805. 
Egypt 1802. 
E. Indies 1803. 
E Indies 1803. 
E. Indies 1803. 
m.s Eng. 
m.s Bot. 
m.s Bot. 
m.s Bot. 
m.s Bot. 
m.s Bot. 
m.s Bot. 
m.s Bot. 
m.s Bot. 
bot. 160 
mag. 819 
mag. 16.52 
mag. 135J> 
mag. 1525 
mag. 797 
rep. 391 
mag. 1280 
mag. 1364 
History, Use, Propagation, Cultu7-e, 
of ardent spirits, supervene. In very large doses the primary excitement is scarcely apparent, but the pulse 
seems to be at once diminished, drowsiness and stupor immediately come on, and are followed by delirium, 
sighing, deep and stertorous breathing, cold sweats, convulsions, apoplexy, and death. The appearances on 
dissection are those which indicate the previous existence of violent inflammation of the stomach and bowels ; 
but notwithstanding the symptoms of apoplexy which an overdose, when it proves fatal, occasions, no particular 
appearance of an inflammatory state or fulness of the vessels of the brain are perceived. 
The Turks call opium afioni j and in the teriakihana, or opium shops of Constantinople, they take it in 
graduated doses from ten grains to one hundred grains in a day. It is mixed with rich syrup and the 
inspissated juices of fruit, to render it more palatable and less intoxicating; and is taken with a spoon, or 
made up into small lozenges stamped with the words. Mash Allah, hterally, " The work of God." The 
Tartar couriers, who travel great distances, and with astonishing rapidity, take nothing else to support them 
during their journeys. {Daltaway's Constantinople, quarto, 78.) There is, however, some reason for suppos- 
ing that the Mash Allah, or Maslach of the Turks, contains other narcotics, as those of hemp and of lolium, 
as well as opium. 
The use of opium for the purpose of exhilarating the spirits has long been known in Turkey, Syria, and 
China ; and of late years it has been unfortunately adopted by many, particularly females, in this country. 
Russell says, that in Syria, when combined with spices and aromatics, he has known it taken to the amount of 
three drachms in twenty-four hours. Its habitual use cannot be too much reprobated. It impairs the 
digestive organs, consequently the vigour of the whole body, and destroys also gradually the mental energies. 
The effects of opium on those addicted to its use, says Russell, are at first obstinate costiveness, succeeded by 
diarrhoea and flatulence, with the loss of appetite and a sottish appearance. The memories of those who take 
it soon fail, they become prematurely old, and then sink into the grave, objects of scorn and pity. Mustapha 
Shatoor, an opium eater in Smyrna, took daily three drachms of crude opium. The visible eflTects at the 
time, were the sparkling of his eyes, and great exhilaration of spirits. He found the desire of increasing liis 
dose growing upon him. He seemed twenty years older than he really was ; his complexion was very sallow, 
his legs small, his gums eaten away, and the teeth laid bare to the sockets. He could not rise without first 
swallowing half a drachm of opium. (Phil. Trans, xix. 289.) 
When opium has been taken in an overdose, the first thing to be done for counteracting its bad effect, is the 
exhibition of a powerful emetic ; and for this purpose sulphate of zinc, or sulphate of copper dissolved in 
water, should be immediately swallowed, and the vomiting kept up for a considerable time, and urged by 
irritation of the fauces. Large draughts of vinegar and water, or other acidulated fluids, should afterwards 
be frequently taken ; and the powers of the habit supported by brandy, coffee, and cordials. The sufferer 
should be kept awake, and, if possible, in continued gentle motion. Currie recommends the affusion of 
warm water at 106 degrees or 108 degrees for removing the drowsiness. (London Dispensatory, 426.) 
Medical men have of late sought to discover the sedative principle of opium, and have found it in the 
extractive, from which a crystallized salt called morphia is obtained. Some foreign physicians, and Mr. 
