Okuek IV. 
POLYANHRIA POLYGYNIA. 
487 
8025 Leaves smooth lin. lane. : lower stalked. Stem declinate solid rooting at base. Fruit smooth 
8026 Leaves lin. entire smooth. Stem creeping and rooting at every joint 
8027 Leaves lane, subserrate sessile half stem-clasping, Stem erect smooth 
80i?8 Rad. leaves stalked oval-obl. Fl. sess. opposite the leaves, Fruit granular scarcely crowned with the style 
8029 Leaves lane, or lin. entire, Stem erect very smooth. Scales of the petals tubular 
8030 Rad. leaves stalked subcordate ovate-roundish : cauline sessile ovate-lanc. Pedune. hirsute 
8U31 Leaves oval-lanceolate acuminate stem-clasping, Scape and peduncles smooth 
8032 All the leaves radical- stalked ovate toothed, Scapes naked 1-flowered 
8083 Leaves smooth reniform crenate. Floral cut. Stem 2i3-fl.' smooth 
8034 Lvs. woolly 3-lobed with trifid toothed euneate lobes : upper 3-parted with entire lin. lobes, Cal. reflexed 
8035 Leaves cuneiform irregularly cut at the end, Stem smooth branched many-fl. Cal. appressed 
8036 Lower leaves stalked cordate blunt : upper obi. sessile. Stem ereci hollow. Fruit granular 
8037 Rad. lvs. stalked oval or subcord. 3-5-tooth. at end. Runners from neck of plant. Scapes naked 1-fl. erect 
8038 Lvs. very smooth many-parted, Lobes obi. Scapes many 1-fl. with appressed hairs, Cal. spreading smooth 
8039 Covered with soft hairs, Rad. lvs. stalk, cord, orbic. somewhat cut-tooth. Stem branched, Cal. appressed 
8040 Lvs. smooth : radic. stalked reniform crenate; caul, in linear lobes, Cal. pubescent shorter than petals 
8041 Leaves smooth : radic. stalked cordate generally 3-parted or lobed. Calyx pubescent shorter than petals 
8042 Lvs. smooth : radic. stalk, cordate-roundish crenate some 3-parted or cut, Cal. smooth longer than petals 
8043 Lvs. smooth : radic. stalk. 3-part. Lobes 3-lob. bluntly cut, Cal. smooth. Fruit very small in an obi. spike 
8044 Lvs. palm. 3-7-parted cut-toothed : upper sessile with lin. lane, lobes, Stem branch, many-fl. Cal. appressed 
/S Radic. leaves 5-74obed with acuminate lobes, Bractes lin. entire 
8045 Leaves smooth : radic. stalked 3-parted or pedate ; upper linear. Stem erect few-fl. Calyx appressed 
8046 Lvs. silky: first ent. lin. lane. ; rest 3-part. with entire or 3-part, lobes. Stem many-fl. Cal. somewhat reflexed 
8047 Leaves tern, or bitern. Segm. toothed or cut trifid. Stem erect simple or branched. Fruit in a cylindr. spike 
8048 Rad. lvs. stalked villous 3 cut : first ovate toothed or 3-lobed, Stem erect 1-2-fl. Cal. spreading subreflexed 
8049 Leaves pinnate with 3-lobed cut multifid lobes. Stem about 1-fl. Cal. smooth, Pet. 8-10 
8050 Radical leaves stalked palmate 3-parted with trifid blunt thick lobes. Calyx very hirsute 
8051 Leaves smooth : radical stalked 5-fid with entire ovate lobes. Calyx very hirsute twice as short as petals 
8052 Rad. lvs. smooth 3-parted round with trifid blunt segments : cauline sess. linear-lobed, Cal. nearly smooth 
8053 Leaves round 3-lobed, Lobes blunt crenate at end. Stem about 1-fl. Cal. smooth. Pet. obcord. or 3-lobed 
8054 Stem and petioles cover, with stiff hairs, Lvs. 3-fid with stalk, acutely 3-lob. segm. Cal. reflex. Style smooth 
8055 Rad. lvs. stalked 3-eut with trifid cut segm., of which the middle one is stalked. Stem erect, Cal. reflexed 
8056 Lvs. 3-lob. with blunt cut lobes, of which the mid. is stalk. Cal, refl. Grains with a single row of minute warts 
8057 Stem and petioles with soft hairs at base, Lvs. smooth, trif. with 3-lob. ac. cut segm. Cal. smooth spreading 
8058 Lvs. pinnate 3-fid with euneate 3-lobed cut segm. Runners creeping, Cal. erect. Grains with an acute point 
8059 Lvs. 3-.5-Iob. with lin. divisions. Stem erect and petioles with spreading hairs, Pedunc. furrowed, Cal. hairy 
8060 Lvs. pubesc. or smooth. Lobes cut-tooth, acute : upper lin. Stem many-fl. pubesc. Cal. vill. Grains mucron. 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
times double, but not so frequently as R. aeris. It is distinguished from the repens, with which it has been 
confounded by some authors, by its roots, by its never throwing out runners, and by its reflexed calyx ; this 
last character arises from its particular structure, the lower half being thin and almost transparent, and there- 
fore not having a sufficient degree of solidity to support itself upright. It is the second flower which, next to 
the Dandelion, covers the meadows with dazzling yellow. Like most of the Crow-foots, it possesses the property 
of inflaming and blistering the skin ; particularly the root, which is said to raise blisters with less pain and 
more safety than Spanish flies ; hence these roots have been applied for that purpose, particularly to the joints 
in cases of the gout. According to Hoffman, beggars make use of them to blister their skins, with a view of 
exciting compassion. The juice of the herb is said to be more acrid than that of R. sceleratus, and if applied 
to the nostrils, it provokes sneezing. The roots, on being kept, lose their stimulating quality, and are even 
eatable when boiled. Hogs are fond of them, and frequently dig them up. The herb is too acrid to be eaten 
unmixed by cattle ; accordingly the flowering-stalks are left to perfect the seed in pastures : some of it, how- 
ever, is consumed, and it is not improbable that this and other pungent plants, mixed with the grasses, may 
act as a powerful stimulus to some animals, as salt does to others. It abounds in dry pastures, and flowers in 
May. Besides the name of round-rooted or bulbous Crowfoot, it is called by the common people butter-flower, 
butter-cups, king-cups, gold-cups ; and it is the cuckoo-buds of yellow hue, of Shakspeare. The repens, 
hirsutus, and acris, however, are all confounded with this under one name by the vulgar. 
R. repens is an obnoxious plant in every description of gardening and agriculture. From the great variety 
of soil and situation in which it is found, it assumes many varieties ; by a river's side, or in marshes, it will 
grow three or four feet high, with a stem nearly as large as the human thumb; in barren gravelly fields it is 
entirely procumbent, with a stem not larger than a small wheat-straw ; but in all states it retains the character 
of the creeping stem, and it does not lose it in cultivation. Its principal time of flowering is in June, but it 
may be found in blossom during most of the ensuing summer months in meadows and pastures, under hedges, 
in shady waste places, church-yards, and gardens. The qualities of this and bulbosus are similar : both blister 
the skin, and are very acrid in taste. Like the acris and bulbosus, it is sometimes found double, but more 
rarely. 
R. acris is supposed to possess the blistering property in a considerable degree, whence Linnaus gave it the 
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