666 SYNGENESIA. ' Class XIX. 
1848. Cassinia. Iiivol. 2-flowered, 4-leaved. Florets hermaphrodite. Pappus paleaceous, pencilled. Recept. 
naked. 
1849. Sj)hcEranthus. Invol, 8-flowered. Florets tubular, hermaphrodite, and obsoletely female. Recept. 
scaly. Pappus O. 
1850. Echinops. Invol. 1-flowered. Florets tubular, hermaphrodite. Recept. setose. Pappus obsolete. 
1851. Rolandra. Florets fascicled in a head, with scales between. Invol. S-valved, 1-dovvered. Florets 
hermaphrodite. Pappus O. 
jEaUALIS. 
1620. GEROPO'GON. W. Old Man's Beard. 
11055 giaber W. 
1105fi hirsutus W. 
11057 calyculatus W. 
smooth 
hirsute 
perennial 
O or 
O or 
^ A or 
1621. TRAGOPO'GON. W. Goat's Beard. 
11058 canus W.SsK. 
11059 angustifolius L. 
IICBO pratensis W. 
11061 mutabilis Jac. 
11062 undulatus JV. 
11063 orientalis W. 
11064 major W. 
11065 floccosus IV. ^K. 
11066 porrifolius W. 
11067 crocifolius W. 
11068 villosus IV. 
hoary 
narrow-leaved 
yellow 
changeable 
wave-leaved 
oriental 
great 
woolly 
Salsafy 
Crocus-leaved 
hairy 
^ C3) or 
^ G) or 
^ O) or 
^ Q) or 
^Q) or 
^G) ox 
^Q) ox 
h O) ox 
^ O) cul 
^ G) or 
ox 
Compositte. 
U jl.au Pk 
1| jl.au R 
2 jl.au Pk 
Compositce. 
1 jl.au Pu 
ijl.au Pu 
my.jn 
my.jn 
my.jn 
jn.jl 
my.jn 
my.jn 
my.jn Pu 
jn.jl 
Sp. 3—6. 
Italy 
Italy 
Italy 
Sp. 11—17. 
Hungary 
Italy 
Y Britain 
Pa Siberia 
W.Y Crimea 
Y Levant 
Y Austria 
Y Hungary 
England 
Italy 
Spain 
Pu 
1622. TROX'IMON. Ga:rtn. Troximon. 
11069 glaucum Ph. 
11070 virglnicum Ph. 
1623. ARNOPO'GON. 
11071 Dalechampii W. 
11072 picroides W. 
11073 asper fV. 
glaucous-leaved_^ A or 
Virginian ^ A or 
W. Sheep's Beard. 
great-flowered A pr 
prickly-cupped O pr 
rough O pr 
my.jn P.Y 
Compositce. Sp. 2 — 3. 
PODOSPER'MUM. Dec. Podospermum. 
11074 calcitrapif61iumZ>ec.Centaury-lvd. A pr 
11075 laciniatum Dec. 
11076 octangulare Dec. 
1625. SCORZONE'RA 
11077 tuberosa W. 
11078 tcmentosa W. 
11079 humilis Jac. 
11080 hispanica W. 
11081 glastifolia W. 
11082 caricifolia W. 
11083 purpurea W. 
11084 rosea W. 
11085 graminifolia W. 
11086 angustif6ha W. 
11087 eriosperma W. 
11088 taraxacifolia W. 
11089 taurica Bieb. 
11090 parvifl6ra Jacq. 
11091 lanata Bieb. 
11092 ensifolia Bieb. 
11093 hirsuta L. 
cut-leaved ^ Q) 
octagon C2) pr 
W. Viper's Grass. 
A A pr 
A pr 
:k A pr 
:k A cul 
^ A pr 
:^ A pr 
tuberous 
white 
dwarf 
garden 
Woad-leaved 
Carex-leaved 
purple-flowered;^ A pr 
Rose-colored A pr 
Grass-leaved ^ A pr 
narrow-leaved A pr 
woolly-seeded A pr 
Dandelion-lvd. A pr 
Taurian A pr 
small-flowered :Qe A pr 
woolly A A pr 
sword-leaved A pr 
hairy A pr 
1 my.jn Y 
1 jl.au Y 
Cojnpositcs. 
2 jn.o L.Y 
1 jl.au Y 
If jl.au Y 
Compositce. 
1 jn.jl Y 
2 jn.jl Y 
1 jn.jl Y 
Compositce. 
I jn 
1 jn.jl 
1 au 
3 jn.s 
2 jn.s 
1| jn.s 
2 my.jn Pu 
11 jl 
2 jn.au 
i jn.au 
1 jn.au 
s jn.au 
1 jn.au 
2 jl.au 
1 jl.au 
1 my.jn 
4 my.jn 
Pk 
L.Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Missouri 
N. Amer. 
Sp. 3—6. 
S. Europe 
S. Europe 
Montpel. 
Sp. 3—6. 
Levant 
S. Europe 
S. Europe 
Sp. 19—33. 
Volga 
Armenia 
Europe 
Spain 
Germany 
Siberia 
Austria 
Hungary 
Portugal 
S. Europe 
Si'deria 
Bohemia 
Tauria 
Austria 
Iberia 
Caucasus 
S. Europe 
11065 
1704. 
1759. 
1774. 
1824. 
1823. 
past, 
1816. 
1790. 
1787. 
1788. 
1816. 
m.me. 
1739. 
1794. 
1811. 
1799. 
1739. 
1683. 
1774. 
S CO Bot. mag. 479 
S CO Col.ecph.1. t.23l 
S CO Jac. vind.2.t.l06 
r.m Eng. bot. 43-1 
CO Jac. ic. 1. 1. 157 
CO Jac. ic. 1. t. lES 
CO 
CO Jac. aust. 1. t. 29 
CO Pl.rar.hu.2.t.ll2 
r.m Eng. bot. 638 
CO Col.ecph.l.t.230 
Bot. mag. 1667 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO Bot. mag. 1623 
S CO Lam.ill. t.646.f. 
1640. 
1818. 
1825. 
1789. 
1597. 
1576. 
1816. 
1805. 
1759. 
1807. 
1759. 
1759. 
1805. 
1801. 
1820. 
1819. 
1824. 
1825. 
1818. 
S CO 
D CO Buxb.cent.2.t.22 
S s.l Jac. aust.4. t.356 
S CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D s.l 
CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
Pal.it.app.t.Y.f.3 
Jac. aust. 1. t. 36 
Lam.ill. t.647.f.5 
P.it.3.ap. tJ.i.fl 
Jac. aust. 1. t. 35 
Pl.rar.hu.2.t.l21 
Jac. obs. 4. 1. 100 
Pl.rar.hu 2.t.l22 
Jac. ic. 1. 1. 160 
Jacq. aust. t. 305 
Mor. se.7.t.6.f.l7 
11069 
History, Use, Propagation, Ctilture, 
1620. Geropogon. So named from yi^uv, an old man, and Tciyuv, a beard ; in allusion to the long silky 
beard of the seeds. 
1621. Tragopogon. From reotyos, a goat, and xMycov, a beard ; a name applied in the same way as Geropogon. 
T. porrifolius, or Salsafy, has a long tapering fleshy white root, which is used Mke carrots or parsneps, and culti- 
vated in gardens for that purpose. The flavor of the root is mild and sweetish ; dressed like asparagus, there 
is some resemblance in taste. It is occasionally grown in British gardens, and a good deal in those of France 
and Germany. It is raised and treated in all respects similarly to the carrot. T. pratensis answers equally well 
for culture as this species, and was formerly preferred to it. 
