668 
SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS. 
Class XIX. 
11094 muricata Dec. muricated 
11095 asperrima IV. roughest 
1626. PICRI'DIUM. P. S. Picridium. 
11096 vulgare P. S. various-leaved 
Sonchus pic?-oides W. 
11097 tingitanum P. S. Tangier 
11098 albidum P. S. 
Crepii dlbida W. 
1627. SON'CHUS. W. 
11099 maritimus W. 
11100 fruticosus W. 
11101 pinnatus W. 
11102 leevigatus W.en. 
11103 lyratus W.en. 
11104 radicatus W. 
11105 palustris W. 
11106 arvensis W. 
11107 oleraceus W. 
11108 tenerrimus W. 
11109 Plumieri W. 
11110 alpuius W. 
11111 lapponicus W. 
11112 floridanus W. 
11113 caucasicus Fischer 
11114 acuminatus W. 
11115 pallidus W. 
11116 sibiricus IV. 
11117 tataricus W. 
11118 divaricatus Horn. 
11119 uligin6sus Bieb. 
11120 lacerus W. 
11121 chondriUo'ides Des/". spreading 
11122 macrophyllus L. large-leaved 
11123 leucoplioe'us W. 
1628. LACTU'CA. W. 
11124 sativa W. 
pale-flowered 
Sow Thistle. 
sea 
shrubby 
wing-leaved 
smooth 
lyre-leaved 
long-rooted 
tall marsh 
corn 
common 
clammy 
Plumier's 
blue-flowered 
Lapland 
small-flowered 
Caucasian 
acuminate 
Canadian 
Siberian 
Tartarian 
divaricating 
swamp 
torn 
11125 crispa W. 
11126 palm^ta W. 
11127 intybacea \V. 
11128 quercina W. 
11129 strlcta W. 
11130 elongata IV. 
11131 Scariola W. 
11132 virosa W. 
11133 angustana W. 
11134 sagittata W. 
11135 saligna W. 
11136 hidica TV. 
11137 altissima Bieb. 
shining 
Lettuce. 
garden 
curled 
palmate 
Endive-leaved 
Oak-leaved 
upright 
elongated 
prickly 
strong-scented 
entire-leaved 
arrow-leaved 
least 
Indian 
tallest 
3t A pr 
jn.au 
Y 
^ A pr 
1 
jn.au 
Y 
Compositie, 
O cul 
1| jn.au 
Y 
O or 
li 
jn.s 
Y 
A or 
jl.o 
W.Y 
Composites. 
3i A pr 
2 
jl.s 
Y 
3 
ap.jl 
Y 
* |— j 
3 
Y 
1 1 or 
3 
Y 
itt 1 j or 
3 
Y 
jfit 1 1 or 
3 
jl"" 
Y 
SL L\ v- 
6 
jl.au 
Y 
^ A w 
11 
jl.au 
Y 
O w 
2" 
jn.au 
Y 
O un 
2 
jl.au 
Y 
A or 
6 
jl.au 
B 
% A or 
4 
jl.au 
B 
A or 
6 
jl.au 
B 
^ Q) or 
6 
jl 
B 
^ A nr 
^ ZA 
3 
au.s 
Y 
2 
au.s 
Y 
^ A or 
2 
jl.s 
Y 
A or 
2 
jl.s 
L.B 
:^ A or 
4 
jn.jl 
B 
:^ A or 
3 
jl au 
Y 
O or 
4 
jn.jl 
Y 
O or 
n jn.jl 
Y 
^ Q) ox 
11 jn.jl 
Y 
:^ A or 
6 
jl.au 
B 
^ Q) or 
6 
jl.au 
Pu 
Compositce. 
1 
4 
jn.jl 
Y.w 
O rnl 
3 
jn.jl 
Y 
n\ 1 
3 
jn.jl 
Y 
O rul 
3 
jn.au 
Y 
O cul 
3 
mv.jl 
Y 
iin 
3 
jn.jl 
Y 
^ Q) un 
3 
jn.jl 
Y 
:k CD un 
3 
jl.au 
Y 
:k C5) m 
3 
jl.s 
Y 
O un 
2 
jl.au 
Y 
:k Q) un 
2 
jl.au 
Y 
:^ Q> un 
^ jl.au 
Y 
E] un 
jl.au 
Y 
:^ Q) un 
6 
jl.au 
Y 
S. Europe 1820. 
Galatia 1821. 
Sp. 3. 
Prance 1773. 
Barbary 1713. 
France 1781. 
Sp. 25—40. 
S. Europe 1748. 
Madeira 1777. 
Madeira 1777. 
Madeira 1816. 
Madeira 1816. 
Canaries 1780. 
England riv.ba. 
Britain corn fi. 
Britain fields. 
S. Europe 1691. 
Pyrenees 1794. 
Scotland al.pas. 
Lapland 1804. 
N. Amer. 1713. 
Caucasus 1818. 
N. Amer. 1812. 
Canada 1704. 
Siberia 1759. 
Siberia 1784. 
1823. 
Caucasus 1821. 
1820. 
Spain 1729. 
N. Amer. 1823. 
N. Amer. 1821. 
Sp. 19—26. 
1562. 
1570. 
1683. 
S. Amer. 1781. 
Sweden 168S. 
Hungary 1805. 
Pensylva. 1805. 
England rubble. 
Britain ch.ba. 
Italy 1791. 
Hungary 1805. 
England ch.ba. 
E. Indies 1784. 
Caucasus 1823. 
11107 
S CO All.ped.l.t.l6.f.l 
D CO 
D CO 
S p.l 
C CO 
C CO 
C CO 
C CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
S CO 
S CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
S CO 
S CO 
S s.l 
D CO 
S CO 
S CO 
S CO 
S 
S CO 
S CO 
S CO 
S CO 
S CO 
S CO 
S CO 
S 
CO 
Bot. mag. 142 
Jac. ic. 1. 1. 164 
All.ped.l.t.l6.f.2 
Jac. ic. 1. 1. 161 
Eng. bot. 935 
Eng. bot. 674 
Eng. bot. 843 
Plu.alm. t.93. f.3 
Eng. bot. 2425 
Smit.ic.ined.t.21 
Rob. ic. 148. 151 
Gmel.sib.2.it. 3 
Schku. bot.t.256 
Boc.sic.13. t.7.f.4 
Jac. ic. 1. 1. 162 
PI. rar.hu.l. t.4S 
Eng. bot. 268 
Eng. bot. 1957 
All.ped.l.t.52.f.l 
Pl.rar.hung.l.t.l 
Eng. bot. 707 
11100 w^^^ // ' - 11110 
History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 
given rise to this belief, rather than any quality inherent in the plant : for it is a rule to which there are few 
exceptions, that all plants used as food by man, possess very inactive qualities. If their action was powerful, 
they would be unfit for food. 
Scorzonera hispanica is esteemed diuretic, stimulant, and sudorific. A drink is made from it for variola ; 
and a distilled water is also prepared from it. It is also an esculent of occasional culture. The root is carrot- 
shaped, about the thickness of one's finger, tapering gradually to a fine point, and thus bearing some re- 
semblance to the body of a viper. The outer rind being scraped oft", the root is steeped in water, in order to 
abstract a part of its bitter flavor. It is then boiled or stewed in the manner of carrots or parsnepi. The 
roots are fit for use in August, and continue good till the following spring. Its culture is the same as that of 
carrot or salsafy. 
1626. Picridium. A diminutive of Picris, which see. Picridium sativum, Picridium cultive, Fr., is sown in 
the spring as a small salad, and, if not allowed to become too old before it is cut, is an excellent vegetable, with 
a pleasant delicate flavor, wholly devoid of the bitterness of endive, and of the insipidity of very young lettuces, 
P. tingitanum is a favorite border annual. 
1627. Sonchus. 2<)i-x«f, in Greek, said to be altered from ffofjupo?, hollow, or soft, in allusion to the soft feeble 
stem of the plants. Sonchus oleraceus. Sow-thistle, Eng., Hasenkohl, Ger., seems to have nearly the same 
properties as the Dandelion and Succory, but it is little regarded as a medicine. It is a favorite food vyith 
hares and rabbits ; and is said to be eaten by goats, sheep and swine, but not to be relished by liorses. The 
young tender leaves are in some countries boiled and eaten as greens : and it is even affirmed, that the tender 
