Order I. 
SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS. 
669 
11094 Lower leaves linear : upper pinnatifid. Lobes remote linear 
] 1095 Leaves runcinate hispid, Stem about 2-fl. somewhat leafy hispid 
11096 Cauline leaves amplexicaul. obi. nearly entire : radical sublyrate runcinate, Scales of invol. appressed 
11097 Leaves amplexicaul. obi. pinnatifid toothed, Invol. squarrose 
1 1098 Leaves scabrous. Scales of invol. membranous at edge ciliated 
11099 Pedunc. subsol. term, naked, Leaves lane, amplexicaul. undivided finely toothed backwards 
11100 Pedunc. branched somewhat scaly, Leaves lane, runcinate. Stem shrubby 
11101 Pedunc. naked, Invol. smooth, Leaves pinn. Pinnse lin.-lanc. somewhat toothed 
11102 Pedunc. naked, Invol. turbin. smooth : lower scales reflexed at end. Leaves phmatifid 
11103 Pedunc. naked, Inv. turbin. smooth : low. scales reflexed at end, Lvs. lyrate pinnatif. Corymb divaricating 
11104 Pedunc. naked and invol. smooth, Stem nearly naked, Radic. lvs. lyrate smooth on each side. Lobes triang. 
11105 Pedunc. and invol. hispid somewhat umbelled, Leaves runcinate sagittate at base [ovate 
11106 Peduncles and invol. hispid sub-umbellate, Leaves runcinate dentato-ciliate cord, at the base 
11107 Peduncles sub-toraentose umbellate. Involucre glabrous, Lvs. runcinate dentato-ciliate amplexic. at base 
11108 Pedunc. downy umbell. Invol. hairy. Leaves bipinnatifid cordate sagittate at base 
11109 Pedunc. naked, Flowers panicled. Leaves runcinate 
11110 Peduncles and involucre hispid racemose, Leaves sublyrate. Terminal lobe deltoid very large 
mil Pedunc. squarrose, Fl. racemose. Leaves runcinate acuminate smooth glaucous beneath 
11112 Pedunc. sub-squarrose, Fl. panicled. Leaves lyrate-runcinate toothietted stalked 
11113 Leaves sessile : lower cordate toothed ; upper hispid entire. Peduncles scaly 
11114 Pedunc. sub-squarrose, Fl. panicled, Radic. leaves sub-runcinate : cauline ovate acuminate stalked 
11115 Raceme comp. terminal. Leaves lane, ensiform amplexicaul. toothed 
11116 Pedunc. squarrose, Fl. corymb. Leaves lane, sessile: lower runcinate toothed ; upper entire 
11117 Pedunc. naked, Fl. in cor3'mbose panicles. Leaves lane, runcinate narrowed at base 
11118 Leaves pinnatifid with little white spiny teeth. Calyx slender 
11119 Pedunc. and invol. smooth a little downy. Leaves sub-runcinate spiny-toothed amplexicaul. 
11120 Pedunc. somewhat downy umbellate, Invol. smooth. Leaves pinnatif. toothed auricled cordate at base 
11121 Radic. leaves unequally pinnatifid : cauline linear lane, toothed, Pedunc. long 1-flowered 
11122 Peduncles hirsute naked, Fl. panicled, Leaves lyrate cordate at base hairy beneath 
11123 Pedunc. scaly, Fl. racemose. Leaves runcinate acuminate. Stem panicled virgate 
11124 Leaves rounded: cauline cordate. Stem corymbose 
11125 Leaves sinuate-crenate toothed wavy curled : radical with a hairy keel. Florets 5-parted 
11126 Lower leaves tripartite pinnatifid with obi. blunt segm. : upper cordate 
11127 Leaves runcinate tooth-ciliated blunt amplexicauk sagittate : radical obovate, Stem panicled 
11128 Leaves smooth beneath : lower runcinate toothietted at base dilated and sagittate ; upper lane, sagittate 
11129 Leaves smooth beneath : radical runcinate lyrate toothed ; upper runcinate pinnatifid 
11130 Leaves smooth beneath : lower runcinate entire amplexicaul. : upper lanceolate sessile 
11131 Leaves vertical prickly at keel acute at end sagittate at base runcinate pinnatifid 
11132 Leaves oblong toothed horizontal, their keel prickly, their apex obtuse 
11133 Leaves smooth beneath obi. lane, ciliate-toothed sagittate at base 
11134 Leaves smooth beneath : lower oblong narrowed at base toothietted ; upper lanceolate entire 
11135 Leaves with a prickly keel : radical lane, pinnatifid ; cauline linear entire sagittate 
11136 Leaves laciniate ensiform sessile unequally toothed 
11137 Leaves toothietted smooth : lower sinuated; upper lanceolate sagittate acuminate. Pan. much branched 
shoots of the smooth variety, boiled in the manner of spinach, are superior to any greens not in common 
use. 
Nearly the same thing may be affirmed of S. arvensis, palustris, and other species. 
Sonchus floridanus is used as a cure for the bite of the rattle-snake, in the same way as Prenanthes serpen- 
taria. It is called by the American settlers Gall of the Earth. 
S. tcnerrimus is eaten by the common people in Italy as a salad. 
1628. Lactuca. From lac, milk, on account of the milky sap, which flows copiously when the plants are cut. 
Besides Lactuca sativa, the French cultivate as small salad both L. quercina, palmata, and intybacea, which are 
all excellently adapted for such a purpose. L. sativa is well known as furnishing among its numerous varieties 
the best vegetable of the salad kind grown in the open garden. Whoever has the command of lettuce, onions, 
and cucumbers, may well dispense with most other acetarious plants. It is questioned by some, whether the 
greater number of what are set down as species in this genus, are any thing more than variations of one type ; 
and, at all events, it is thought L. virosa, a poisonous plant, is the parent of our cultivated sorts ; which would 
not be more remarkable than the fact that the indigenous celery is one of our strongest poisons. 
All the species of Lactuca abound in a milky juice, which is found to partake, in a considerable degree, of 
the quaUties of opium. The production of this juice is lessened by culture, and especially by blanching. It is 
most abundant in plants in a wild state, and in both wild and cultivated lettuce during inflorescence. Of late 
years, this juice has been collected by incisions and scraping off the thickened juice, as in the collecting the 
opium of the poppy (Seep. 461.), and an opium has been produced little inferior to that of the East. It is called 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
