OhderI. SYNGENESIA iEQUALIS. G79 
11317 Leaves toothed roughish, Invol. hispid. Pappus of disk stipitate plumose : of the ray sessile setose 
11318 Hispid, Calyxes hairy. Stem branched, Lvs. lane, toothed 
11319 Nearly glab. Invol. obi. imbricated, Stem branched somewhat leafy. Radical leaves dentato-sinuate 
11320 Stem branched leafless glab. Pedunc. with small scales, Lvs. runcinate obtuse scab. 
11321 Different from the last in having a smooth involucrum 
11322 Stemless, Scape 1-fl. Leaves runcinate pinnatifid, Terminal lobe rhomboid 
11323 Scape branched very thick and fistulose upwards. Leaves obovate oblong toothed 
11324 Invol. of the fruit angular. Stem panicied, Pedunc. slender, Lvs. ovate petiolate angulato-dentate 
11325 Caulescent branched. Leaves ovate stalked doubly toothed 
11326 Caulescent branched, Lvs. angular-toothed : lower lyrate-pinnatitid, Pedunc. and invol. smooth 
11327 Caulescent panicied. Stem downy below. Radical leaves lyrate toothed : upper lane, entire 
11328 Rad. leaves lyrate acute, Cauline sagittate amplexicaul. toothed 
11329 Fruit smooth spreading, Cauline leaves lane, undivided 
11330 Fruit smooth spreading, Leaves lyrate 
11331 Fruit prickly spreading. Leaves linear lane, entire 
11332 Leaves amplexicaul. pinnatifid : segments deeply jagged 
11333 Lower scales of invol. ovate mucronate. Leaves villous linear sub-bipinnatifid at base 
11334 Lower scales of invol. lane. Leaves lane, toothed 3-nerved 
1 1335 Leaves cordate spiny 
11336 Flowers sess. axill. in pairs. Leaves runcinate 
11337 Flowers axillary twin sessile. Leaves obovate toothed 
11338 Pedunc. axill. twin : one long 1-fl. ; the other very sliort about 4-fl. Flowers capitate 
11339 Pedunc. axill. twin : one long 1-fi. ; the other very short about 2-fl. Stem dichotomous, Rad. lvs. runcinate 
11340 Flowers axill. solitary. Stem dichotomous. Branches naked spiny, Lvs. lane, runcinate toothed 
11341 Leaves obovate mucronate cartilaginous. Flowers solitary 
11342 Fl. solitary lateral sessile, Lvs. decurrent. Stem subsimple villous erect 
11343 Fl. solitary, Lvs. roughish smooth. Stem winged toothed 
11344 Fl. subaggregate, Lvs. scabrous with the middle rib below hairy interruptedly decurrent 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
it is a plant found wild in fields, — which grows every where : but this etymology is overstrained. It is much 
more natural to suppose that the Egyptians, who used this plant in great quantities, would have communicated 
to the Greeks, along with the manner of using it, the name by which it was known in Egypt, which appears 
from Forskahl to be chikoiiryeh. Pliny remarked, that the Egyptians made their chicory of much conse- 
quence, and it is very well known that, at the present day, chicory or similar plants constitute half the food of 
the common people in Egypt. In like manner, there can be little doubt that the specific terms Endivia and 
Intybus, are both derived from the Arabic name hendibeh. 
The leaves of Cichorium Intybus are employed by the French under the name of Barhe du Capucine, as a 
kind of winter salad ; for which purpose the leaves are blanched like Endive. Tlie most common method of 
cultivating the plant, is to sow the seed in drills in the end of July, and to keep the plants about six inches 
apart, and quite free from weeds. In the winter the roots are taken out of the ground and packed up in a 
warm cellar among earth, in layers, like bottles in a wine cellar, the crowns only of the roots being exposed. 
In a few days, young leaves are produced in great abundance, from the situation in which they are cultivated 
quite blanched, and, if not grown too rapidly, with an agreeable taste. There is also a variety of C. Intybus, 
called Chichoree d cafe, which is cultivated extensively in France for the sake of its roots, which are taken up 
in the winter season, cut into squares, dried artificially, and afterwards, being roasted, are ground along with 
their cott'ee, for which they serve as an adulteration. There are those, however, who assert, that it is to this 
admixture of Succory root that the superior flavor of the French to the English coffee is to be attributed. 
1658. Bacaxia. Named by the authors of Flora Peruviana, in honor of George Bacas, professor of botany 
at Carthagena. 
1659. Scolymus. The Greek name of a spiny plant, which appears to have been the modern artichoke. 
The word itself is derived from o-^oAoj , a spine. S. hispanicus has simple fusiform roots, soft and sweet like 
Scorzonera, and equally good to eat. The leaves and stalk also abound with a milky juice, and the people of 
Salamanca eat it in the same manner as Cardoons. The flowers are used for adulterating saffron. 
X X 4 
