680 
SYNGENESIA .EQUALIS. 
Class XIX.. 
1660. ARCTIUM. 
11345 Lappa TV. 
11346 Bardana W. 
11347 minus JSk-b. 
Burdock. 
smooth-headed Q) w 
woolly-headed ^ Q) w 
small ^ Q) w 
Cu?npositiS. 
3 jl.au Tu 
3 jl.au Pu 
2 jl.au I'u 
Sp. 3—4. 
Britain wa.gr. S 
Britain wa. gr. S 
Europe ... S 
CO Eng. bot. 1228 
CO Eng. bot. 2478 
CO Schk.bot.3. 1.227 
1661. SERRA'TULA. W. Saw-wort. 
11348 tinctoria IV. common ^ A <^lt 
11349 coronata W. Siberian ^ A pr 
11350 quinquefolia W. five-leaved ^ A 
11351 pygmse'a JV. Pigmy A pr 
11352 angustifolia W. narrow-leaved A pr 
11353 saiicifolia IV. Willow-leaved A pr 
11354 centauroldes W. Centaury-like A pr 
11355 simplex B. M. simple A pr 
11356 argnta Fi^c/i. fine-toothed A pr 
11357 radiata Bieb. rayed ^ Q) pr 
11358 xeran'themoidesi>/£?6. smth.-headed ^ A W 
11359 heterophylla D.'sf. various-leaved A pr 
11360 stEBchaditolia Bied. woolly-headed jSii A pr 
11361 Picris Bieb. scarious A pr 
11362 aspera Lin/c. rough O pr 
11363 alata }V. winged £k A P^" 
1662. SAUSSU'REA. Dec. Saussurea. 
11364 elongata Dec. long ^ A pr 
11365 alpina Dec. Alpine A W 
11366 discolor Dec. discolored ^ A pr 
Compositce. Sp. 16 — 40. 
3 jl.o 
5 jl.au 
2 jl.au 
1 jl.au 
1| jl.au 
2 jl.au 
1 jl.au 
1 jl.au 
3 jl.o 
l|jl 
H jl 
2 jl.au 
H jl.au 
1 jl.au 
1| au.s 
2 jl.au 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
R 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Britain 
Siberia 
Persia 
Austria 
Siberia 
Siberia 
Siberia 
Nepal 
Hungary 1824. 
Hungary 1800. 
Caucasus 1825. 
Dauphinyl824. 
Tauria 1820. 
Caucasus 182-2. 
Nepal 1821. 
woods. 
1739. 
1804. 
1816. 
1816. 
1796. 
1804. 
1821. 
D CO 
D CO 
D p.I 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
S CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
S CO 
D CO 
Eng. bot. 38 
Gmel. sib. 2. t.20 
Bot. mag. 1871 
Jac. aust. t. 440 
Gmel. sib. 2. t,33 
Gmel. sib. 2. t.37 
G. sib.2.n.38.t.l7 
Bot. mag. 2482 
PI. rar.hu.l. t.ll 
Gmel.sib.t.47.f.l 
1663. CAR'DUUS. JV. 
11367 leucographus TV. 
11368 crassitolius W. en. 
1 1369 arabicus W. 
11370 nutans W. 
11371 carlinoides JV. 
11372 argentatus ir. 
11373 onopordoides jS VJ. 
11374 carlinEefolius iV. 
11375 acanthoides JV. 
11376 tenuiflorus W. 
11377 crispus W. 
11378 hamulosus TV. 
11379 candicans W. 
11380 Personata PV. 
11381 polyanthemus JV. 
1 1382 orientalis W. en. 
11S83 paniculatus W. 
11384 pycnocephalus IV. 
11385 cyanoides W. 
11386 arctioides W. 
11387 alpestris W. 
11388 defloratus W. 
11389 parviflorus W. 
11390 nitidus W. 
11391 cerinthoides V/. 
Thistle. 
white-sjiotted 
thick-leaved 
Arabian 
musk 
Pyrenean 
silvery 
Onopordum-like ^ 
Carline-leaved ^ 
welte;l 
slender-flowered 
curled 
spiny-hooked 
hoary 
cut-leaved 
many-flowered 
oriental 
panicled 
Italian 
blue-bottle-lvd. ^ 
pinnated ^ 
Alpine ^ 
various-leaved ^ 
small-flowered ^ 
glossy 
Honey wort-lvd.;^ 
11365 
O or 
A or 
O or 
O or 
Q) or 
O or 
A or 
Q) or 
O vv 
O w 
Q) or 
CD or 
Q) or 
CD or 
Q) or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
Compositce. 
2 jl.au Pu 
ijl.au Pu 
l" jl.au Pu 
Compositce. 
2 jn.jl Pu 
2 jl 
ijl.au 
2 jl.au 
1 jl.au 
1 jl.au 
lijl.au 
2 jl.au 
2 jn.au 
2 jn.au 
2 jl.au 
5 jn.jl 
3 jl.au 
4 jl.au 
2 jn.jl 
2 jl 
2 jn.jl 
lijl.s 
2 jl.au 
2 jl.au 
If jl.au 
G jl.s 
2 jn.jl 
2 jl 
2 jl.au 
11348 , 
I'u 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pk 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
R 
Pu 
Pu 
R 
Pu 
Pu 
Fu 
Sp. 3—6. 
Caucasus 1820. D co 
Britain al.roc. D p.I Eng. bot. 599 
Switzerl. 1818. D co Hall. helv. t. 6 
Sp. 26—100. 
Italy 1752. 
1805. 
Arabia 1789. 
Britain gra. (i 
Pyrenees 1784. 
Egypt 1789. 
Iberia 1818. 
Pyrenees 1804. 
Britain wa. gr. S 
Britain banks. S 
Euroi)e 1804. S 
Hungary 1802. S co 
Hungary 1805. S co 
Austria 1776. S co 
Rome 1739. D co 
Iberia 1804. D co 
S. Europe 17S1. D co 
S. Europe 1739. S co 
Siberia 1778. D co 
Carniola 1804. J) co 
Crocvtia 1805. D co 
Austria 1570. D co 
S. Europe 1781. D co 
Hungary 180 ). D co 
S. Europe 1739. D co 
11350 
S CO 
D CO 
S CO 
S CO 
S CO 
S CO 
D CO 
S CO 
S CO 
CO 
CO 
Jac. vind. 3. t. 23 
Jac. ic. 1. 1. 166 
Eng. bot. 1112 
Gouan. ill. t. 23 
Jac.ho.vin. t.l92 
Eng. bot. 973 
.Eng. bot. 412 
Elor. dan. t. 621 
PI. rar.hu.l. t.83 
Jac. aust. 4. t.348 
Trium. obs.t.l03 
Jac.vind. 1: t. 44 
Gmel. sib. 2. t.l5 
Scop. earn. t. 53 
Jac. aust. 1. t. 89 
PI. rar.hu.l. t..02 
Cav. ic. 3. t. 226 
11358 
History, Use, Propagation, CuUiire, 
1660. Arctium. From k^xtos, a bear, {arth, Celtic) ; on account of the rough bristly fruit, which may be 
compared to the coarse hair of a bear. Lappa is derived from llap, a hand, in Celtic, because it lays hold of 
every thing near it. The burdock is too familiar to every schoolboy to need illustration. It is equally com- 
mon in Europe and Japan, by road sides and on ditch banks. Few quadrupeds, except the ass, will eat the 
plant ; but birds feed on the seeds, and snails and caterpillars on the leaves. The stems, stripped of their rind 
before the flowers appear, may be eaten, either boiled or raw, with oil and vinegar. Withering says, a decoc- 
tion of the roots is esteemed by some equal to that of Sarsaparilla. Burnt green, between the time of flowering 
and seeding, three pounds of the ashes produced sixteen ounces of very white alkaline salt, as good as the best 
potash. 
1661. Serratula. A diminutive of scrj-a, a saw ; the leaves being edged with cutting teeth. Plants with the 
habit and qualities of thistles. Serratula tinctoria dyes cloth of a yellow colour. 
1662. Saussurea. Named in honor of the celebrated Swiss philosopher Horace Benedict de Saussure, who, 
among his other acquirements, possessed a considerable knowledge in botany. He died in 1799, in the fifty- 
ninth year of his age. 
1663. Carduus. I'lns word appears to be dcri\'ed from «rrf, a point, in Celtic, in allusion to the numerous 
