686- 
SYNGENESIA ^QUALIS. 
Class XIX. 
1670. ATRAC'TYLIS. W. Atractylis 
^ A 
C 
lAJpr 
11472 humilis W. dwarf 
1G71. ACAR'NA. TV. Acarna. 
11473 gumnufera TV. gummy-rooted 
11474 cancellata W. netted 
1672. STOKE'SIA. TV. Stokesia. 
11475 cyanea IV. blue-flowered 
1673. STOB^'A. Th. Stob/Ea. 
11476 pinnata Th. Carthamus-likeiS- 1 | or 
1674. ONOBRO'MA. G^erhi. Onobroma. 
11477 caeruleum G^rin. blue-flowered A or 
Cartha?nus cceruleus W. 
11478 salicifolium Link. Willow-leaved n l_J or 
1675. CAR'THAMUS. TV. Carthamus. 
Compositce. Sp. 1 — 4. 
A un 1 jn.jl W Spain 
1759. 
Composit(E. Sp. 2 — 6. 
f jn.au Pu S. Europe 1640. 
\ jn.jl B S Europe 1640. 
Compositce. Sp. 1. 
CO Cav. ic. 1. t. 54 
CO Cav. ic. 3. t. 228 
CO Lam.ill.t.662.f 1 
B 
ComposifcB. 
ja.d Y 
Composite^. 
jn.jl B 
Carolina 1766. D co L'He.ser.27. 
1812, C CO Bot. mag. 178'} 
1640. D CO Bot. mag. 2293 
Sp. 1—11. 
C. G. H. 
Sp. 2. 
Spain 
3 au W Madeira 1784. C s.p 
11479 tinctorius TV. 
11480 lanatus TV. 
11^81 creticus TV. 
11482 tingitanus TV. 
11483 raitissimus TV. 
11484 Carduncellus TV. 
11485 arborescens TV. 
officinal 
woolly 
Cretan 
Tangier 
small 
mountain 
tree 
O or 
O or 
O or 
^ A or 
:^ A or 
:^ A or 
*S I I or 
Composite 
3 jn.jl 
3 jl.au 
2 jn.jl 
2 jn.jl 
f my.jn 
6 jl.au 
Sp.7— 20. 
Egypt 1551. S s.l 
S. Europe 159S. 
Candia 1731. 
Barbary 1759. 
France 1776. 
P'rance 1734. 
Spain 1731. 
S CO 
S CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
C s.p 
Bot. reg. 170 
Bot. mag. 2142 
Cav. ic 2. 1. 128 
1676. CARDOPA'TUM. Pers. Cardopatum. 
11485 corymbosum Pers. corymbose A un 
1677. ST.^:HELI'NA. 
114S7 dubia TV. 
11488 arborescens TV. 
11489 cham-cEpeuce TV. 
TV. SXiEHELlVA. 
Rosemary-lvd. 3i ft 
Storax-leaved i | pr 
Pine-leaved \ | pr 
1678. PALAFOX'IA. Lag. Palafoxia. 
11490 linearis Lag. linear-leaved ^ i 
1679. PTERO'NIA. TV. Pteronia. 
11491 camphorata TV. aromatic 3St i 
11492 str'icta IV. cluster-flower'd^St i 
11493 flexicaidis TV. bending-stalk'd «t i 
11494 oppositifolia TV. opposite-leaved ^ 
11495 scariosa TV. Window-calyx.St i 
Compositce. 
3 jl.au B 
Compositce. 
3 jn.jl Pu 
6 jl.s 
2 jl.n 
Compositce. 
2 jn jl W 
Compositce. 
3 jn.jl Y 
3 ap.jn Y 
3 jn.au Y 
|jl Y 
2 jn.au Y 
Sp. 1. 
Levant 
1821. D CO M.h.s.7.t.33.fl7 
Sp. 3—13. 
S. Europe 1640. 
Candia 1739. 
Candia 1640. 
Sp. 1. 
Mexico 
Sp. 5—33. 
C. G. H. 
C. G. H. 
C. G. H. 
C. G. H. 
C. G. H. 
C p.l 
C p.l 
C p.l 
1821. S CO 
1774. C p.l 
1774. C p.l 
1812. C CO 
1774. C p.l 
1815. C CO 
1680. VERNO'NIA. TV. 
11496 noveboracensis TV. 
11497 prsealta TV. 
11498 angustifolia Ph. 
11499 glauca IV. 
11500 sericea Rich. 
11501 flexuosa B. M. 
VeRiVONIA. 
long-leaved A or 
tall 4^ A or 
narrow-leaved A or 
glaucous-leav'd;^ A or 
silky I I or 
flexuose £ 23 or 
11472 
Compositce. Sp. 9—18. 
Pu N. Amer. 
Pu N. Amer. 
Pu N. Amer. 
Pu N. Amer. 
Pa.pu Brazils 
Pu Brazil 
b s.n 
8 s.n 
4 s.n 
4 s.n 
5 d 
1| .s 
11473 
1710. 
1732. 
1817. 
1710. 
1823. 
1823. 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
C CO 
S CO 
11475 
Lam.ill. t.666.f.4 
Schreb.dec.l. t.l 
Plu. aim. t.94.f.3 
Bot. mag. 2132 
PI. man. t.345.f.2 
Bre.prod.t.l7.f3 
Dil.el.t.26S.f342 
Dil.el.t.264.f343 
Dil.el.t.262.f34l 
Bot. reg. 522 
Bot. mag. 2477 
11476 
11477 11479 ^•<rj^^/''^SS2:^- 11482. 
History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 
1670. Atractylis. Vaillant [Mem. Acad. Sc. 1718.) derives this from c/.r^otzTo;, a distaff, because the light 
stems were very fit to make spindles. 
1671. Acarna. A name under which Theophrastus describes a plant resembling a thistle. Willdenow 
applied it to the present genus, which consists of thistle-like plants. 
1672. Stokesia. Named in honor of Jonathan Stokes, M.D., well known as the coadjutor of Dr. Withering 
in his botanical arrangement of British plants. A perennial plant, with large handsome blue flowers. 
1673. Stohcea. Named after Dr. Stobeeus, of Lund, one of Linnzeus's earliest patrons, and said to have been 
a practical naturalist. 
1674. Onobroma. From ovo?, an ass, and ^^m/mi, food, in allusion to the worthlessness of its herbage. Thistle- 
like plants of little beauty. 
1675. Carthamus. From its Arabic name qortom, a word which signifies to paint, on account of the fine 
color yielded by the flowers. Tournefort, with little reason, derives it from the Greek xctra^uv, to purge. 
The flowers of Carthamus tinctorius are used by the Chinese to give some of the fine rose, scarlet, purple, and 
violet colors to their silks. For this purpose, the flowers are thrown into an infusion of some alkali, and left to 
macerate ; the colors are afterwards drawn out by the addition of lemon juice in various proportions, or of 
any other vegetable acid. 
It is cultivated at present in many parts of Europe, and in the Levant, whence great quantities are annually 
imported into England for dyeing and painting. In Spain it is grown in gardens, as Marygolds are in I^ngland, 
to color soups, olives, and other dishes. The Jews in Poland are remarkably fond of it, and mix it with their 
bread, and most of their viands. According to Houghton, it was formerly cultivated in Gloucestershire, both 
for the flowers and seed. The common people took it for saffron, and used it in their puddings, cakes, and 
