OuDEll I. 
SYNGENESIA .^:QUAL1S. 
687 
11472 Stem and leaves smooth 
11473 Stemless, Leaves pinnatifid, Outer leaves of invol. tricuspidate 
1147* Stem branched, Leaves lane, ciliate toothed downy. Outer leaves of invol. setaceous pinnatitid conniving 
[larger than flower 
11475 The only species 
11476 Leaves downy pinnatifid : pinnze linear terminated by a spine 
11477 Stem about 1-fl. Leaves ovate lane, spiny-toothed 
11478 Stem shrubby. Leaves sessile lanceolate downy beneath spiny-toothed. Branches 1-flowered 
11479 Stem quite smooth, Leaves ovate entire spiny toothed. Fruit naked 
11480 Stem woolly, Lower leaves pinnatifid toothed : upper amplexicaul. pinnatifid toothed spiny 
11481 Stem smoothish, Invol. somewhat woolly, Lower leaves lyrate : upper half-amplexicaul. 
11482 Radic. leaves pinnated: cauline pinnatifid, Stem 1-flowered 
11483 Leaves unarmed : radical toothed ; cauline pinnate 
11484 Cauline leaves linear pinnated as long as plant 
11485 Leaves ensiform sinuate toothed 
11486 Spiny much branched with small blue flowers 
11487 Leaves sessile linear toothletted downy beneath, Inner scales of invol. lane, long 
11488 Leaves stalked ellipt. blunt entire silky with down beneath 
11489 Leaves lin. clustered very long revolute at edge hoary beneath, Branches downy 
11490 The only species 
11491 Leaves scattered and fascicled filiform ciliated. Leaves of invol. ciliated, Hairs of recept. clustered 
11402 Lvs. scattered and fascicled filiform subciliate at base, Lvs. of invol. entire. Holes of recept. multipartite 
11493 Leaves connate linear filiform glabrous. Scales of invol. ovate, Stem wavy, Fl. terminal in threes stalked 
11404 Leaves ovate powdery downy. Scales of invol. ovate entire 
11495 Leaves ovate smooth. Scales of invol. ovate mucronate membranous 
11496 Leaves lane, scabr. serrulate. Corymb fastigiate, Scales of invol. filiform at end 
11497 Leaves ovate-lanc. serrate downy beneath. Corymb fastigiate, Scales of invol. ovate acuminate 
11498 Stem simple, Lvs. many long and narrow lin. nearly entire. Corymb somewhat umbell. Scales of inv. stiff 
11499 Leaves oblong acuminate serrate, Corymb fastigiate. Scales of invol. ovate acute [mucronate 
11500 Leaves linear-lanc. silky beneath downy on each side nearly entire. Flowers alternate 1-sided sessile 
11501 Stem straight dichotomous upwards : branches flexuose. Heads in the forks of the branches sessile 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
bread ; but by putting in too great a quantity they found it communicate a purgative quality, and gave up its 
use. It is still, however, used in this way by some pastrycooks. In Germany it is cultivated on light land 
well pulverised ; it is sown in rows about eighteen inches distance, and afterwards thinned to three or four 
inches apart in the row : in September the plants begin to flower, and the field is then gone over once a week, 
for six or seven weeks, to gather the expanded florets, which are dried in a kiln in the same manner as true 
saffron. Turkeys and geese are said to feed greedily on the seed, and in a short time become very fat. 
C. lanatus is used by the women of the south of France and Spain for distaffs, and hence it had the name 
of distaflf thistle. The root of C. carduncellus is eaten in Africa. 
1676. Cardopatum. A name of unknown meaning. A spiny branched plant with little blue flowers, 
formerly referred to Carthamus, 
1677. Stcehelina. One Benoit Stffihelin, a Swiss botanist, published, in 1730, an academical dissertation upon 
the Filicula saxatilis corniculata and the Equisetum. These are pretty half-shrubby thread-leaved plants, 
mostly deserving cultivation. 
1678. Palafoxia. Named by Lagasca, after the Spanish General Palafox, of whose merits as a botanist we 
are uninformed. A small perennial plant with the habit of Stevia. 
1679. Pteronia. From o-re^sv, a wing ; altered by Linnseus from the Pterophorus of Vaillant, a word which 
seems to allude to the feathery scales of the receptacle. A genus of humble rigid shrubs. 
1680. Vernonia. Named after Mr. William Vernon, fellow of St. Peter's College, Cambridge, who travelled 
in North America in search of plants, and left behind him an Herbarium, which came into the hands of Sir 
Hans Sloane, and contributed to enrich the third volume of Ray's Historia Plantarum. Vernoniese con. 
stitutes the twentieth of M. Cassini's subdivisions of Composita;. They are distinguished from Lactucete by 
