730 
SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA. 
Class XIX 
12427 sericeum W. 
12428 spin6sum W. 
12429 aquaticum W. 
12430 maritimum W. 
12431 salicifolium W. 
12432 grandiflorum W, 
12433 cordifolium W. 
silky tSL 1 I or 
prickly Q or 
sweet-scented O or 
sea Al or 
Willow-leaved A or 
3 my.jl 
3 jn.s 
ljl.au 
1 jl.s 
1| jn.o 
great-flowered ^ A or 1| jn.o 
heart-leaved 
^ A 
jn.au 
Y 
Canaries 
1779. 
C 
p.l 
Bot. mag. 1836 
Y 
Spain 
1570. 
s 
CO 
Barr. ic. 551 
Y 
S, Europe 1731. 
s 
CO 
Breyn. cent, t.77 
Y 
Sicily 
1640. 
D 
s.l 
Bocc.mus. t.l29 
Y 
Austria 
1759. 
D 
CO 
Jac. aust. 4.t.370 
Y 
Austria 
1722. 
D p.l 
Moris.s.6.t.7.f.52 
Y 
Hungary 
1739. 
D 
1.1 
Pl.rar.hu.2.t.ll3 
HELIAN'THUS. W. Sun Flower. 
1798. 
12434 
12435 
12436 
12437 
12438 
12439 
12440 
12441 
12442 
12443 
12444 
12445 
12446 
12447 
12448 
12449 
12450 
12451 
12452 
12453 
12454 
12455 
12456 
12457 
1799. GYMNOLO'MIA. 
12458 maculatum Kunth. 
1800. RUDBECK'IA. 
12459 pinnata Ph. 
12460 digitata W. 
12461 laciniata W. 
12462 columnaris Ph. 
12463 subtomentosa Ph. 
12464 triloba W. 
12465 hirta W. 
12466 fulgida H. K. 
12467 lievigata Ph. 
12468 arnplexifolia W. 
12469 purpurea Ph. 
12470 ser6tina Sweet 
annuus W. 
indicus W. 
tubaefdrmis W. 
dentatus W. 
multiflorus W. 
plenus 
tuberosus W. 
angustifolius Ph. 
macrophyllus Ph. 
mollis W. 
decapetalus W. 
prostratus W. 
strumosus W. 
altissimus W. 
giganteus W. 
longifolius Ph. 
difiusus B. M. 
linearis Cav. 
trachelifolius W. 
excelsus W. 
missfiricus Link. 
trilobatus Link. 
divaricatus Ph. 
pubescens JV. 
atrorCibens W. 
annual 
dwarf annual 
tube-flowered 
tooth-leaved ^ 
manj^-flowered ^ 
double-flowered ^ 
Jerusalem Artich.^V 
narrow-leaved ^ 
large-leaved ^ 
soft 
ten-petalled 
rough 
Carrot-rooted 
tall 
gigantic 
long-leaved 
diffuse 
linear 
Trachelium-lv 
lofty 
Missouri 
three-lobed 
divaricate 
downy 
FR VSTRANEA. 
Compositce. 
or 
dark-purp. -ey ed 
O or 
O or 
0 or 
1 Al or 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
A or 
6 
3 
5 
6 
6 
or 6 
cul 8 
Kunth. Gymnolomia. 
spotted ^ \ I or 
; RUDBECKIA. 
fragrant A or 
narr.-jagged-lv. A or 
broad jagged-lv.^ A or 
high-crowned 
downy-lobed 
three-lobed 
great-hairy 
small-hairv 
smooth 
stem-claspmg 
purple 
late 
^ A 
A 
^ CD or 
:^ A or 
:k A or 
^ _Aj or 
O or 
^ A or 
:^ A or 
jn.o 
jn.o 
jl.au 
s.n 
au.o 
au.o 
s.o 
s.o 
au.o 
jl.o 
au.n 
jl.s 
jl.s 
jl.s 
s.o 
au.o 
au.o 
au.o 
s.o 
s.o 
s.o 
s.o 
au.o 
jl.o 
jl.o 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Br 
Sp. 24—31. 
S. Amer. 
Egypt 
Mexico 
Mexico 
N. Amer. 
N. Amer. 
Brazil 
N. Amer. 
N. Amer. 
N. Amer. 
N. Amer. 
N. Amei-. 
N. Amer. 
N. Amer. 
N. Amer. 
Georgia 
N. Amer. 
Mexico 
N. Amer. 
Mexico 
Missouri 
Mexico 
N. Amer. 
N. Amer. 
N. Amer. 
1596. 
1785. 
1799. 
1798. 
1597. 
1617. 
1789. 
1800. 
1805. 
1759. 
1800. 
1710. 
1731. 
1714. 
1812. 
1821. 
1823. 
1825. 
1820. 
1821. 
1824. 
1759. 
1795. 
1732. 
S CO 
S CO 
S CO 
C l.p 
D CO 
D CO 
R CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D p.l 
D CO 
D p.l 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D p.l 
D CO 
D p.l 
Reneal.spec.t.83 
Tabern. ic. 764 
Jac.schoe.3.t.375 
Cav. ic. 3. t. 220 
Bot. mag. 227 
Jac. vuid.2.t.l61 
Bot. mag. 2051 
W.hort. ber.t.70 
Rob. ic. 235 
Boc. sic. t. 27. f. 4 
Jac. vind. 2.t.l60 
Moris.s.6.t.7.f.66 
Bot. mag. 2020 
Bot. reg. 523 
Cav. ic. t. 219 
Mo.h. s.6.t.7.f 66 
Bot. reg. 524 
Bot. reg. 508 
Compositce 
jn.jl Y 
Compositce. 
au.s 
au.s 
jl.s 
au.s 
au.s 
au.s 
jn.n 
jl.au 
jl.au 
jl.au 
jl.o 
au 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
DP 
Y 
Sp. 1. 
W. Indies 1821. 
Sp. 12—30. 
N. Araer. 1803. 
N. Amer. 1759. 
N. Amer. 1640. 
N. Amer. 1811. 
N. Amer. 1802. 
N. Amer. 1699. 
N. Amer. 1714. 
N. Amer. 1760. 
Carolina 1812. 
Louisiana 1793. 
N. Amer. 1699. 
N. Araer. 1823. 
D p.l Bot. reg. 662 
D CO Bot. mag. 2310 
D p.l Moris.s.6.t.6.f54 
D p.l Moris.s.6.t.6.f.53 
n no Bot. mag. 1601 
P 
U CO 
D CO 
S CO 
D p.l 
D p.l 
C CO 
S CO 
D p.l 
D CO 
12465 
Bot. reg. 525 
Sweet's fl.gar.82 
Bot. mag. 1996 
Jac. ic. 3. t. 592 
Bot. mag. 2 
Sweet's fl.gard.4 
12430 ' 12431 
Histori/t Use, Propagation, Culture, 
1798. Helianthus. From ^jX/oj, the sun, and ocvB-o?, a flower. Nothing can be a more complete ideal repre- 
sentative of the sun, than the gigantic sun-flower, with its golden rays ; it is dedicated with great propriety to 
the sun, which it never ceases to adore while the earth is illuminated by his light. When he sinks into the 
west, the flowers of Helianthus are turned towards him ; and when he rises in the east, the flowers are again 
ready to be cherished by the flrst influence of his beams. 
H. annuus is a well known border annual, which will grow in any soil. There are varieties with double 
flowers, the tubular florets being changed into ligular ones, like those in the ray. The whole plant, and par- 
ticularly the flower, exudes a thin pellucid odorous resin, resembling Venice turpentine. From the seeds an 
edible oil has been expressed, and they are also excellent food for domestic poultry. The flowers turning with 
the sun, is by some considered a popular error ; Gerarde says he never could observe it ; and Professor Martin 
has seen four flowers on the same stem pointing to the four cardinal points. H. tuberosus, Topinatnboiir, Jr., 
Erdapfel, Ger., and Girasole, Ital., is called Jerusalem, from the corruption of the Italian word Giro sole ; 
and Artichoke, from the resemblance in flavor which the tubers have to the bottoms of artichokes. These 
tubers are in considerable esteem on the continent as a substitute for potatoes ; and before the introduction 
of that vegetable, they were a good deal in use in this country. Their culture and treatment is the same as 
for that vegetable. H. multiflorus a showy autumnal flower. 
