73f; 
SYNGENESTA FRUSTRANEA. 
Class XIX. 
12552 Cineraria W. 
12553 cinerea W. 
12554 dealbata W. 
12555 argentea fV. 
12556 coriacea IV. 
12557 Fischeri W. en. 
12558 macrocephala JV. 
12559 atropurpurea W. 
12560 alata W. 
12561 elongata W. 
12562 Scabiosa W. 
12563 intybacea H. K. 
12564 maculosa P. S. 
12565 Stce'be W. 
12566 ochroleuca W. 
12567 ovina W. 
12568 sempervirens JV. 
12569 ragusina W. 
12570 tatarica W. 
12571 calocephala W. en. 
hoary-leaved _AJ or 
gray ^ A or 
mealy :k A or 
silver-leaved hl | or 
leathery-leaved;^ A or 
Fischer's ^ ^ A or 
large-headed A or 
dark-purple A or 
winged-stalked A or 
long A or 
Greater Knap w.;^ A w 
Succory-leaved ^ A or 
spotted-calyxed A or 
wing-leaved A or 
Caucasian Jj? A or 
sheep's A or 
evergreen ^ _A1 or 
white-leaved tt i i or 
Tartarian A or 
sraooth-stalked ^ A or 
3 jl.au 
2 jn.jl 
lfjl.au 
1| jl.au 
1§ Jn.jl 
2 jn.jl 
3 jn.au 
3 jn.au 
1| au.s 
2 au.s 
1| jn.au 
n jl.s 
1 jl.au 
1 jn.jl 
Ujl.au 
1 jl.n 
1| jl.au 
2 jn.jl 
2 jl.au 
3 jn.au 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Pa.Y 
Pu 
Vi 
Y 
Pu 
Y 
Vi 
Pu 
Pu 
Pu 
Y 
Pa.Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Italy 1710. 
Italy 1710. 
Caucasus 1804. 
Candia 1739. 
Hungary 1804. 
Siberia 1816. 
Caucasus 1805. 
Hungary 1802. 
Tartary 1781. 
Barbary 1823. 
Britain corn fi. 
S. Europe 1778. 
Siberia 1816. 
Austria? 1759. 
Caucasus 1801. 
Caucasus 1802. 
Spain . . 1683. 
Candia 1710. 
Tartary 1801. 
Levant 1816. 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
C p.l 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
D CO 
C p.l 
C p.l 
D CO 
D CO 
Mor. s.7. t.26.f20 
Jac. vind, 1. 1. 92 
Barr. ic. t 218 
Pl.rar.hu.2.t.l95 
Bot. mag. 1248 
Pl.rar.hu.2.t.ll6 
Vent. eels. 80 
Eng. bot. 56 
Gm.s.2.t.44.f.l,2 
Bot, mag. 1175 
Bocc.sic. t.39.f.3 
Bot. mag. 494 
12572 coronopifolia W. 
12573 parviflora W. 
12574 reflexa W. 
12575 centauroides W. 
12576 collma JV. 
12577 rupestris JV. 
12578 pubescens JV. 
12579 Balsamita JV. 
12580 aurea JV. 
12581 peregrina JV, 
12582 radiata JV. 
12583 sordida JV. 
12584 hybrida JV. 
12585 rig'ida JV. 
12586 sonchifolia JV. 
12587 cruenta JV. en. 
12588 Seridis JV. 
12589 romana JV. 
12590 ferox JV. 
12591 sphserocephala JV. 
12592 Isnardi JV 
12593 napifolia JV. 
12594 aspera JV. 
12595 pullata JV. 
12596 polyacantha JV. 
12597 benedicta JV. 
12598 solstitialis JV. 
12599 melitensis JV. 
12600 sulphiirea JV. en. 
12601 sicula JV. 
12602 Adami JV. 
12603 straminea JV. 
12604 eriophora W. 
12605 Calcitrapa JV. 
12606 calcitrapoides JV. 
12607 Verutum JV. 
12608 asgyptiaca JV. 
12552 
Buck's-horn 
O or 
3 jn.jl 
Y 
Levant 1739. 
S 
CO 
small-flowered 
A or 
Ig Jn jl 
Vi 
Barbary 1823. 
D 
CO 
crook-spined 
:^ A or 
3 jl.au 
Y 
Iberia 1801. 
D 
CO 
lyre-leaved 
:^ A or 
3 ray.jl 
Y 
S. Europe 1739. 
D 
CO 
Col. ecph. 1. 1. 35 
hill 
^ A or 
3 jn.jl 
Y 
S. Europe 1596. 
D 
CO 
rock 
^ A or 
2 jl.au 
Y 
Italv 1804. 
D 
CO 
Co.ecp.l.t. etf.2 
downy 
^ A or 
Y 
1804. 
D 
CO 
Syrian 
^ A or 
2 jlau 
Y 
Syria 1820. 
D 
CO 
great-golden 
^ A or 
2 jl.s 
Y 
S. Europe 1758. 
D 
CO 
Bot. mag. 421 
soft-leaved 
Q) or 
2 jl.au 
Y 
S. Europe 1749. 
S 
CO 
rayed 
^ A or 
1| jl.au 
W 
Siberia 1804. 
D CO 
Gm.sib.2.t.47.f.l 
sordid 
A or 
1 jl.au 
Pu 
1818. 
D 
CO 
hybrid 
:^ A or 
1i il an 
Jg Jl.au 
Y 
Tauria 1822. 
D CO 
rigid 
:^ A or 
1 jl.au 
Pu 
D 
CO 
Sow-thistle-lvd.j^ A or 
1 au.o 
Pu 
Mediterr. 1780. 
D CO 
Pluk.phyt.39.f.l 
obovate-leaved ^ A or 
1 jn.au 
Pu 
1816. 
D 
CO 
purple-flower'd ^ A or 
1 jn.au 
Pu 
Spain 1686. 
D 
CO 
Plu.alm. t.38. f.l 
Roman 
^ (J) or 
3 jl.s 
R 
Rome 1739. 
S 
CO 
Barr. rar. t. 504 
hedgehog 
^ Al or 
2 jl.s 
Pu 
Barbary 1790. 
S 
p.l 
Desf. atl. 2. t.242 
globe-headed 
A or 
2 jl.au 
Pu 
S. Europe 1683. 
D 
CO 
Bot. mag. 2551 
Jersey 
^ A or 
1 jl.au 
Pu 
Britain Jersey. D 
CO 
Eng. bot. 2256 
Turnip-leaved 
O or 
3 jl.s 
Pu 
Candia 1691. 
S 
CO 
Herm. par. 1. 189 
rough 
O or 
2 jn.o 
Pu 
S. Europe 1772. 
s 
CO 
Boc. mus.35. t.26 
various-colored A or 
2 jn.au 
Pu 
S. Europe 1759. 
D CO 
Lob. ic. t.542. f.2 
many-spined 
O or 
1 jl.au 
Pu 
Portugal 1804. 
S 
CO 
Blessed Thistle 
O or 
2 jn.o 
Y 
Spain 1548. 
s 
CO 
Zorn. ic. 122 
Barnaby's Thistle O or 
2 jlau 
Y 
England fields. 
s 
CO 
Eng. bot. 243 
cluster-headed 
O or 
ljl.au 
Y 
Malta 1710. 
s 
CO 
Bocc. sic. t. 35 
sulphur-colored O or 
1 jl.au 
Y 
s 
CO 
Sicilian 
O or 
1| jl.au 
Y 
Sicily 1710. 
s 
CO 
Bocc. sic. t. 8. f.l 
Adams 
O or 
1 jl.au 
Y 
Siberia 1804. 
s 
CO 
straw-colored 
O or 
i jl.au 
Y 
Egypt 1801. 
s 
CO 
W. hort. ber. 26 
woolly-headed 
O or 
f jn.o 
Y 
Portugal 1714. 
s 
CO 
Star-thistle 
O or 
1 jl.au 
Pk 
England gra.so. S 
CO 
Eng. bot. 125 
Phoenician 
O or 
1 jn.jl 
Pu 
Levant 1683. 
s 
CO 
dwarf 
O or 
2 au.s 
Y 
Levant 1780. 
s 
CO 
Jac. ic. 1. 1. 178 
Egyptian 
Al or 
1 jn.s 
W 
Egypt 1790. 
C 
p.l 
M ^^^^^ 
12582 
History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 
said not only to destroy worms and cure fevers, but also the plague, and the most putrid and stubborn ulcers 
and cancers. At present it is in no estimation whatever. 
It has by some botanists been thought advisable to separate this genus into several others ; but the differ- 
ences upon which the separation has been made depend upon variations in the form of the involucrura, 
