Order IV. 
SYNGENESIA NECESSARIA. 
741 
12652 Herbaceous downy, Leaves sinuate pinnatifid toothed : cauline amplexicaul. 
12653 Leaves toothletted acuminate : lower pinnatifid ; upper 3-lobed or entire 
12654 Leaves 3-lobed acute running down the petiole : lobes angular sinuated 
12655 Leaves opposite sessile oblong lanceolate somewhat toothed, Invol. S-parted, Florets all female 
12656 Leafstalks longer than leaves 
126.57 Stem erect. Leaves somewhat linear 1-toothed on each side 
12658 Stem erect. Leaves lyrate-toothed sessile 
12659 Leaves ovate-oblong entire silvery beneath, Scape naked 1-headed, Head nodding 
12660 Pericarps cymbiform muricated incurved : outer lanceolate-subulate muricated at back 
12661 Pericarps cymbiform muricated incurved : outer ovate with a membranous edge toothed crested at back 
12662 Pericarps cymbiform incurved muricated : outer 5 ovate-lanceolate membranous toothed at edge 
12663 Pericarps cymbiform all incurved muricated 
12664 Pericarps urceolate obovate smooth. Involucre somewhat muricated 
12665 Pericarjjs cymbiform smooth : outer subulate erect somew. muricat. Lvs. obi. spatul. downy on each side 
12666 Leaves narrow lanceolate sinuate toothletted, Stem leafy. Peduncles filiform 
12667 Leaves oblong lanceolate blunt toothed, Stem leafy. Peduncles thickened at end 
12668 Leaves lanceolate sinuate toothed. Stem nearly naked 
12669 Leaves linear nearly entire. Stem nearly naked 
12670 Leaves linear somewhat toothletted muricate dotted beneath. Pericarps orbicular, Stem suffruticose 
12671 Leaves cuneate cut toothed glabrous, Invol. downy ciliated. Stem shrubby weak 
12672 Leaves opposite linear entire somewhat fleshy smooth 
12673 Leaves obovate somewhat toothed, Stem fruticose decumbent 
12674 Leaves obovate sublyrate roughish, Stem suffruticose erect 
12675 Lvs. obi. toothed scabrous, Invol. in fruit cernuous. Pericarps nearly orbicular. Stem fruticose panicled 
12676 Peric. cymbif. incurv. muricat. : outer lane, subulate muricated erect, Lvs. obi. spatul. downy on each side 
12677 Pericarps all uniform incurved cymbiform muricated. Leaves lanceolate toothletted acute smoothish 
12678 Leaves oblong papillose scabrous : lower toothed j upper entire, Stem shrubby 
12679 Radiant florets fertile, Stem very short decumbent. Leaves hoary on each side ternate lyrate 
12680 Radiant florets fertile, Leaves downy beneath ovate entire or lyrate-toothed. Scape furrowed 1-headed 
12681 Radiant florets fertile, Leaves downy beneath wavy-toothed ovate or lyrate, Scapes 1-headed 
12682 Leaves pinnatifid toothletted cobwebbed 3-nerved 
12683 Radiant florets fertile. Leaves hoary pinnatifid repand somewhat toothed. Outer scales of invol. reflexed 
12684 Radiant florets fertile. Leaves lanceolate ovate nerved toothletted amplexicaul. 
12685 Radiant florets fertile. Leaves lanceolate linear entire downy 
12686 Radiant florets fertile. Stem procumbent. Leaves spatulate-lanceolate repand-toothed hoary 
12687 Radiant florets fertile. Stem procum. Leaves obi. lane, unequally toothed hoary downy beneath 3-nerved 
12688 Radiant florets fertile. Stem branched ascending. Leaves downy spatulate lanceolate .3-nerved pubescent 
12689 Radiant florets fertile. Stem branched ascending. Leaves spatulate lanceolate entire 3-nerved downy 
12690 Radiant florets fertile. Stem shrubby. Leaves hairy oblong undivided somewhat toothed 
12691 Radiant florets fertile. Stem shrubby erect hoary, Lvs. obov. oblong vill. toothed decurr. down the petiole 
12692 Radiant florets fertile. Stem ascend. Lvs. hairy hoary beneath : lower lyrate-toothed ; upper lane, tooth. 
12693 Radiant florets fertile. Stem snow white. Leaves lyrate amplexicaul. downy toothed : term, lobe rhomb. 
12694 Radiant florets fertile. Stem erect, Leaves hairy oblong toothed. Outer scales of invol. reflexed ciliated 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
C. officinalis, Souci dujardin, Fr., Goldblume, Ger.,and Furrancio, Ital., has been a garden plant time out of 
mmd, and used in soups and broths, both to color them, and as comforters of the heart and spirits. It had 
formerly many virtues ascribed to it, but is now totally out of use in this country. According to Linna;us, 
the flowers are open from nine in the morning till three in the afternoon. There are double, lernon-colored, 
and prolific varieties. From the flowers of Calendula officinalis is obtained a distilled water, a kind of vinegar, 
and a conserve. 
With this genus for his type, M. Cassini has formed a small tribe which he calls Calendule^, remarkable for 
a peculiar smell, very perceptible in the common pot-marygold, which is said to be confined to themselves 
alone. But this seems to be almost the only character by which they are distinguished from Helianthe^. 
Ihe greater part of Calendules are found in the country of the Cape of Good Hope ; but some are found in 
Europe and Asia. 
1831. Arctotis. Vaillant, who named this genus, called it Arctotheca, from ot^xroi, a bear, and a 
capsule, because its fruit is shaggy like a bear. This and some neighbouring genera have given rise to M. 
3 B 3 
