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MON(ECIA 
Class XXI. 
Class XXI. — MONCECIA. 
Male and female organs in distinct flowers, but upon the same plant. 
This class consists of a variety of plants of all kinds, natures, and affinities, combined by the character of 
having their flowers unisexual, "but upon the same ])lant, in which respect Monoecia is distinguished from the 
next class, Dicecia. It contains nearly all the most important timber-trees of the temperate countries of the 
world, such as the oak, the pine, the birch, the beech, the walnut, the plane, the cypress, and many others. 
The bread-fruit, so important an article of food in some parts of the v/orld, is placed in Monandria. Various 
palms occupy a station in other parts of the class. The dangerous Manchineel-tree, and many poisonous or medi- 
cinal plants, are also placed here. To Monoecia Polyandria belongs the famous Upas-tree of Java, to which so 
many fables are attached. It is described in Rumphius's Herbarium Amboinense (2. 87.), under the name of 
Ipo, and is now ascertained to be a species of Antiaris. From Siphonia elastica, a plant of Monoecia 
Monadelphia, and native of Brazil, one of the kinds of Caoutchouc or gum elastic of commerce is obtained. 
Sprengel, and others, refer most of the genera of Monoecia to other classes, considering those only to be truly 
referable to it, of which the male and female flowers have some differences of structure. 
Order 1. MONANDRIA. 
Stamen 1. 
1^35. Artocm-pus. Male. A cylindrical catkin. Cal. O. Petals 2. Filament the length of cor. Female. 
Cal. O. Cor. O. Ovaries numerous, collected in a globe. Style filiform. Drupe compound. 
1936. Casuarina. Male. Catkin filiform. Calyx 2-valved. Cor. O. Female. Catkin globose. Calyx an 
ovate scale. Cor. O. Caps. 2-valved, 1-seeded. Seed winged at end. 
1937. Ceratocarpus. Male. Cal. 2-parted. Cor. O. Filament long. Female. Calyx 1-leaved, 2-horned, 
attached to the superior ovary. Cor. O. Style 2. Seed 1, tightly enclosed in the calyx. 
1938. Zannichellia. Barren fl. Perianth, none. Fertile fl. Perianth, single of 1 leaf. Germens 4 or more. 
Style 1. Stigma peltate. Capsules sessile. 
Order 2. DIANDRIA. 
1939. Lemna. Male. Cal. 1-leaved, Cor. O. Female. Calyx 1-leaved. Cor. O. Style 1. Capsule 1-celled, 
2-seeded. 
1940. Angwia. Male. Calyx 5-fid. Petals 5. Female. Cal. 5-fid. Petals 5. Fruit inferior, 2-celled, 
many-seeded. 
Orders. TRIANDRIA. 
Stamens 3. 
1941. Comptonia. Male. A catkin. Calyx a scale. Petals 2. Filaments 2-forked, Female. A catkin. 
Calyx a scale. Petals 6. Styles 2. Nut ovate. 
1942. Hernandia. Male. Calyx 3-parted. Petals 3. Female. Calyx truncate, entire. Petals 6. Drupe 
hollow, open at orifice, with a moveable kernel. 
1943. Axyris. Male. Calyx 3-parted. Cor. O. Female. Calyx S-leaved. Cor. O. Styles 2. Seed 1. 
Tragia. Male. Calyx 3-parted. Cor. O. Female. Calyx 5-parted. Cor. O. Style 3- fid. Caps, of 
3 pieces, and 3 cells. Seed solitary. 
1945. Typha. Flowers collected into cylindrical dense spikes or catkins. Barren fl. Perianth. O. Stam. 3. 
together, upon a chafFy or hairy receptacle, united below into 1 filament. Fertile fl. Perianth. O. Pericarp 
pedicellate, surrounded at the base with hairs resembling a pappus. 
1946. Sparganium. Flowers in spherical dense heads. Barren fl. Perianth single, of 3 leaves. Fertile fl. 
single, of 3 leaves. Drupe dry, with 1 seed. 
1947. Carex. Flowers collected into an imbricated catkin. Barren fl. Calyx of 1 scale, glumaceous. Cor. O. 
Fertile fl. Calyx of 1 leaf, glumaceous. Cor. of 1 leaf, urceolate, ventricose. Stigm. 2-3. Nut triqueti-ous, 
included within the persistent cor. 
1948. Cobresia. Flowers m an imbricated catkin. Male. Calyx a solitary scale. Cor. O. Female. Cal. 
generally a double scale ; one flat, the other involving the ovary. Cor. O. Stigmas 3. Nut somewhat three- 
cornered, naked. 
1949. Uncinia. Flowers in an imbricated catkin, androgynous. Male. Cal. a solitary beardless scale, 
Female. Cal. bearded ; beard hooked from the base of the inside of bcale. Stigmas 3. 
1950. Zea. Male in distinct spikes. Cal. a two-flowered blunt glume. Cor. a blunt glume. Female. Cal. 
a Zi-valved glume. Cor. a 2-valved glume. Style 1, filiform, pendulous. Seeds solitary, immersed in an ob- 
long receptacle. 
1951. Cuix. Male in remote spikes. Cal. a 2-flowered blunt glume. Cor. a blunt glume. Female. Calyx 
a 2-flowered glume. Cor. a blunt glume. Style 2-parted. Seed covered by the ossified calyx. 
1952. Tripsacum. Male. Glume 2-flowered : outer male ; inner neuter. Cor. a membranous glume. Fe- 
male. Calyx a 1-fl. glume, surrounded by a 1-leaved involucrum, perforated at the recesses. Cor. a 2-valved 
glume. Styles 2. Seed 1. 
1953. Heteropogon. Spike simple, monoecious. Flowers male on one side, female on the other. Male. Cal. 
2-valved. Cor. 2-valved, beardless : the inner valve setaceous. Nectary 2-lobed, turgid. Female. Cal. two- 
valved. Cor. 2-valved, one thickish and bearded. Beard very long and hairy. 
1954. Olyra. Male. Calyx a 1-flowered somewhat awned glume. Cor, O. Female, Cal. a 1-fl. spreading, 
ovate, awned glume. Cor. a 2.valved blunt glume. Style bifid. Seed cartilaginous. 
Stamens 4. 
1955. Alnus. Flowers collected into imbricated catkins. Barren fl. Scale of the catkin .3-lobed, with three 
flowers. Perianth, single, 4-partite. Fertile fl. Scale of the catkin subtrifid, with 2 flowers. Perianth. O. 
Styles 2. Fruit compressed. 
19,56. Beiula. Barren flower in a cylindrical catkin, its scales 3-fl. Perianth. O. Stam. 10-12. Fertile fl. 
Scale of the catkin imperfectly 3-lobed, 3-flowered. Perianth. O. Styles 2. Germens compressed, 2-celled, one 
abortive. Nuts compressed, with a membranaceous margin, 1-seeded. 
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