Order V. MONCECIA PENTANDRIA. 789 
13303 Racemes pentandrous termhial compound, Axlllie epiiiy 
13304 Clusters densely spiked somewhat whorled, Spikes decompound erect colored, Lvs. obi. ellipt. red beneath 
13305 Leaves cordate 5-lobed, Flowers large, Gourd a span long 
13306 Leaves ovate sessile acuminate serrate ciliated at base 
13307 Leaves 3-lobed serrated 
13308 Leaves bipinnatifid smoothish. Petioles with long ciliae, Racemes terminal panicled 
13309 Leaves bipinnatifid hoary beneath : upper pinnatifid, Racemes 3 terminal 
13310 Leaves smooth bipinnatifid : upper pinnatifid. Racemes terminal solitary, Branches fastigiate 
13311 Leaves bipinnatifid blunt hoary beneath. Racemes terminal solitary. Branches villous 
13312 Leaves alternate ovate. Flowers axillary clustered 
HEXANDRIA. 
13313 Panicle efl[\xse, Glumes aristate : male and female mixed 
13314 Panicle branched. Glumes awnless smooth. Leaves ovate-lanceolate 
13315 Leaves obovate acute downy beneath. Flowers 7-androus 7-fid 
13316 Leaves subcordate ovate acute scabrous downy beneath, Flowers hexandrous 
13317 Branchlets of the spadix smooth 
13318 Branchlets of the spadix annular 
13319 Pinnas spinulose. Fruit oblong furrowed 
13320 Unarmed, Fronds pinnated. Leaflets replicate ensiform 
13321 Caudex cylindrical prickly upwards, Fronds pinnated prickly 
13322 Aculeate spiny, Caudex fusiform, Fronds pinnated, Stems and spathes spiny 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
says, {Bibl. Or. 278.) that in India the fruit is called cozi, whence the Turkish name co%, for a nut : bu this 
requires confirmation. In Malabar it is called tenga, in the Moluccas calappa, and by the Brahmins medo. 
C. nucifera is a native of, and cultivated in, most places within the tropics. The trees grow to a great height, 
with a straight trunk, and, like almost every species of the Palm tribe, without branches. The leaves are from 
twelve to fifteen feet long ; the flowers come out round the top of the trunk in large clusters, inclosed in a 
sheath, and the nuts succeed them, commonly ten or twelve together. 
There are few trees more extensively or variously useful. The leaves are employed as thatch to cover 
houses, and to make mats either for sitting or lying upon. The leaf, when reduced to fine fibres, is the 
material of which a beautiful and costly carpeting is fabricated for those in the higher ranks ; the coarse fibres 
are made into brooms. After these useful materials are taken from this leaf, the stem still remains, which is 
about the thickness of the ankle, and furnishes firewood. 
The wood of this palm, when fresh cut, is spongy ; but becomes hard after being seasoned, and assumes a 
dark brown color. On the top of the tree a large shoot is produced, which, when boiled, resembles brocoli, but 
is said to be of a more delicate taste ; and though much liked, is seldom used by the natives, because on 
cutting it off, the pith is exposed, and the tree dies. Between this cabbage-like shoot and the leaves, there 
spring several buds, from which, on making an incision, there distils a juice differing little from water, either 
in the color or consistence. It is the employment of a certain class of men to climb to the top of the trees in 
the evening, with earthen pots tied to their waists, which they fix there to receive the juice, which is regularly 
carried away before the sun has had any influence upon it. This liquor is sold at the bazaars by the natives 
under the name of toddy. It is used for yeast, and forms an excellent substitute. In this state it is drank with 
avidity, both by the low Europeans and the natives, and is reckoned a cooling and agreeable beverage. After 
being kept a few hours, it begins to ferment, acquires a sharp taste, and a slight intoxicating quality. By boiling 
it, a coarse kind of sugar is obtained ; and by distillation, it yields a strong ardent spirit, which being every 
where sold, and at a low price, constitutes one of the most destructive annoyances to our soldiers. The name 
given to this pernicious drink by Europeans, is Pariah arrack, from the supposition that it is only drank by the 
Pariahs, or out-casts, that have no rank. 
The trees from which the toddy is drawn do not bear any fruit, on account of the destruction of the budsj 
but if the buds be left entire, they produce clusters of the cocoa nut. This nut in the husk is as large as a 
man's head, and when ripe falls with the least wind. If gathered fresh, it is green on the outside; the husk 
and the shell are tender. The shell, when divested of the husk, may be about the size of an ostrich's egg, and 
is lined with a white pulpy substance, which contains about a pint and a half of a liquor like water j and 
though the taste be sweet and agreeable, it is different to that of the toddy. 
In proportion as the fruit grows old, the shell hardens, and the liquor diminishes, till it is at last entirely 
ab.wrbed by the white milky substance, which gradually acquires the hardness of the kernel of the almond, 
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