Order VIII. 
MONCECIA MONADELPHIA. 
803 
13497 Fronds pinnated, Stems hirsute, Spadixes branched spiny, Spines incurved 
13498 Fronds pinnated, Leaflets plaited bitten off. Stems and spadixes branched smooth, Fruit roundish gibbous 
13499 Leaves solitary lanceolate flat spreading. Cones round, Scales acuminate 
13500 Leaves elliptical lanceolate striated 
13501 Leaves ovate oblong smooth not striated 
13502 Leaves in pairs rigid. Cones conico-ovate acute as long as the leaves, generally in pairs 
13503 Leaves in pairs. Trunk ascending. Cones ovate erect 
13504 Lvs. twin very long of two forms. Cones ovate, Scales narrowed at base very thickened at end not angular 
13505 Leaves twin short acute, Cones ovate conical, Prickles of scales long subulate incurved : lower reflexed 
13506 Leaves twin divaricating oblique. Cones recurved twisted, Crest of anthers dilated 
13507 Leaves double or triple rigid. Cones oblong generally in i)airs rounded at base 
13508 Leaves twin roughish at edge, Cones oblong cor.'cal shorter than leaf narrowed at base, Scalrs ccliinate 
13509 Leaves twin : the first ciliated. Cones ovate blunt somewhat unarmed longer than leaf. Nuts hard 
13510 Leaves twin very fine, Cones ovate-conical very smooth solitary stalked 
13511 Leaves twin. Cones ovate-conical rounded at base somewhat shorter than leaf. Scales blunt 
13512 Leaves twin. Cones oblong-conical the length of leaves solitary rounded at base. Scales echinate 
13513 Leaves twin. Cones ovate-conical rounded at base solitary half as short as leaves. Scales unarmed 
13514 Leaves twin or ternate. Cones ovate-conical subsolitary, Prickles of scales incurved 
13515 Leaves long. Cones deflexed : spines inflexed, Sheiitii of leaves long 
1<"5516 Leaves in 5s very long slender lax toothletted, Cones cylindrical smooth pendulous longer than leaves 
13517 Leaves 3 very long. Cones roundish ovate mucronate 
13518 Leaves 3, Cones ovate clustered, Spines of scales refiexed. Sheath of leaves short 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
The bark of the trunk is smoother than in the common kind. The cones are thicker, and not so much 
pointed. The plant is more hardy than the common sort, grows freely in almost any soil or situation, aiid 
quickly arrives at a considerable size." 
P. laricio is said to be nearly allied to the Scotch pine, but a much handsomer and finer tree. Professor 
Thouin considered it equally hardy with P. sylvestris ; its wood is more weighty and resinous, and consequently 
more compact, stronger, and flexible. It grows wild on the summits of the highest mountains in Corsica. P. 
resinosa, the red Canadian pine, is not unlike the Scotch pine, but rather redder in the bark. The timber of this 
tree is frequently imported as masts, and is considered valuable. Grown on a damp and fertile soil, it is m.ucli 
less durable than from elevated situations ; it is equally liardy with P. sylvestris. P. pinaster is a grand and 
picturesque tree, and is a great favorite with the Roman and Florentine painters. The timber is of less value 
than that of any of the others that have been mentioned ; in Switzerland it is cut into shingles for covering 
their houses. It is highly deserving of culture as an ornamental tree, but not for timber. 
P. Pinea is very common in the south of Italy; there is an immense forest of them at Kavenna, and they 
are much planted in the gardens of the villas of Rome and Florence. The seeds of this and the last species 
are eaten throughout Italy, both by the poor and rich. They are as sweet as almonds, but with a slight flavor of 
turpentine. The wood is not so resinous as that of most of the other sorts, and the tree can only be considered 
as deserving culture for its pictorial efFect. P. Cembra, the Tannenbaum of Lord .Kyron (Childe Plarolde), 
and the Aphernousli pine of Harte (Essays), grows higher up the Alps than other pines, and is even found at 
elevations where the larch will not grow. I'he wood is very soft, and having scarcely any grain, is very fit for 
the carver. The peasants of the Tyrol, where this tree abounds, make various sorts of carved works \Axh the 
wood, which they dispose of in Switzerland among the common people, who are fond of the resinous smell 
which it exhales. 
P. Taeda has longer leaves than the wild pine, and larger cones than P. Pinea; the timber is like that of the 
Scotch pine, but has more resin. There are a number of tliese trees at Woburn Abbey, which grow as freely 
as the Scotch pine, and the timber, as far as it has boon tried, is superior. 
P. palustris is remarkable for the length of its leaves, which often exceed a foot, and hang down in tufts at 
the end of the branches, having a singular ap])earance. It grows in a warmer climate than most other pines ; 
produces a valuable timber in America, but has been but little cultivated in this country. P. strobus forms the 
connecting link between the pine and the b^rch tribe, and is the tallest tree of the genus. Tl:e bark is smooth 
and elegant, and tiie leaves numerous, soft, and of a bluish green. The timber is imported in vast quantities 
under the name of white pine ; it is much used in house carpentry, but is considered less durable than the red 
deal of Norway (P. sylvestris), or the pitch pine of Canada (P. resinosa). The tree seems to be of so delicate 
a habit, as to prevent our expecting it ever to become very large or valuable in Britain. It lias been a good 
deal cultivated, having formerly been supposed the most valuable tree of the genus, next to the ccnimon 
l)ine. 
The Pinus canariensis seems never to have been well described or understood. Some have taken it fur the 
Pinus Larix, others for the Pinus tseda, whilst others had corifounded it with the Pinus maritima. Von Buch, 
and the late Christian Smith, named it in their catalogue of the vegetation of Teneriff, Pinus canariensis, 
and they state, that it mhabits that island from the edge of the sea to an elevation of 6700 Parisian feet 
above the level of the sea ; but that the region where it is most abundant mav be reckoned at from 4080 
3 I' 2 
