806 
MOxNCECIA MONADELPPIJA. 
Class XXI. 
13532 rubra Ph. 
135S3 nigra r/i. 
Red spruce $ 
Black spruce f_ 
2014. LA'IilX. Salisb. 
1353 i communis 
13535 pendula (V. 
13536 microcarpa TV. 
13537 Cedrus IV. 
Larch. 
commuii white ^ 
Black 5 
Red J 
Cedar of Lebanon^ 
2015. SCHUBER'TIA. 3//r6. Schubertia. 
13538 disticha MIrb. deciduous Cypress 
Cupressus disticha L. 
tm 50 my Ap N. Amer. 1755. 
tm 50 my Ap N. Amer. 1700. 
Confferte. Sp. 4—5. 
tm 50 mr.ap Ap Germany 1629. 
tm 30 my Ap N. Amer. 1739. 
tm 80 my Ap N. Amer. 1760. 
or 60 i.iy Ap Levant 1683. 
Conlfera:. Sp. 1. 
or SO my Ap N. Amer. 164a 
2016. PODOCAR'PUS. 
13539 macrophyllus Hort. 
13540 verticillatus HorL 
13541 elongatus F. S. 
13542 nucifer P. S. 
2017. CUPRES'SUS. TF. 
13543 sempervireas IV. 
ct str'tcta 
13 horixontdlis 
13544 lusitanica W. 
13545 thyoide.^ \V. 
13546 juniperoides IV. 
13547 austral is P. S. 
2018. THU'JA. IV. 
13548 occidentalis fV. 
13549 orientalis IV. 
L'lle?: PoDocARPus. 
i Ljor 
1 ! or 
I I or 
long-leaved 
Avhorl-leaved 
African 
nut-bearing 
Cypress. 
common 
upright 
spreading 
Cedar of Goa 
White Cedar 
African 
slender-branch.^ 1 J or 
Arbor Vit/E. 
American f 
Ciiinese ^ 
13538 
or 
or 
I I or 
Coniferx. Sp. 4—6. 
10 jl.au Ap China 
10 ... Ap Japan 
10 jl Ap C. G. H. 
20 ... Ap Japan 
Coniferce. Sp. 5 — 9. 
20 my Ap " Candia 
20 my Ap Mediterr. 
20 my Ap Mediterr. 
12 ap.my Ap Goa 
20 ap.my Ap N. Amer. 
6 ap.my Ap C. G. H. 
10 ap.my Ap N. Holl. 
Comferie. Sp. 4 — 9. 
25 my Ap N. Amer. 
25 my Ap China 
1804. 
1774. 
1822. 
S s.l 
S s.l 
S s.l 
S s.l 
S s.l 
S S.1 
S s.p 
C l.p 
C l.p 
C l.p 
C l.p 
1548. S CO 
1683. 
1736. 
175(J. 
1596. 
1752. 
L CO 
CO 
Lam.pin.43. t.28 
Lam.pin.41. t.27 
Lam.pin. 53. t.35 
Lam.pin.56. t.36 
Lam.pin. 58. t.37 
Lam.pin.59. t.37 
TVUaarb,3.p.4,t. 1 
Bank.ic.Kffi.t.24 
Kae.amosn. t.815 
Dend. brit. 155 
Lam.pin.95. t.42 
Dend. brit. 156 
Mi.arb.3.p.29.t.3 
Dend. brit. 149 
History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 
The hemlock spruce is a very elegant tree, and grows in some situations to an enormous size : its bark is a 
fine substitute for oak-bark in tanning. 
2014. Larix. This has also for its root the Celtic word lar, which signifies fat, in allusion to the abundance 
of resin afforded by the plant. Even Dioscorides remarks, that Larix is the Gallic name for resin. The 
authors of the Dictionary of Trevona make the word Cedrus come from :<.vc^^'/];, sweet-scented, on account of 
the balsamic odor exhaled by the wood when burned. 
L. Cedrus, C^Jre, Fr., Cederhaum, Ger., and Cedro, Ital., is unquestionably the most celebrated tree of the 
genus, and not less remarkable for the irregular grandeur of its form. The general character of its shoot, 
even when the tree is young, is singularly bold and picturesque, and quite different from that of every other 
species of the tribe. It is a native of the coldest parts of the mountains of Libanus, Amanus, and Taurus ; 
but it is not now to be found in those places in great numbers. Maundrell, in his journey from Aleppo to 
Jerusalem, in 1696, could reckon only sixteen large trees, thoug'i many small ones ; one of the largest was 
twelve yards six inches in the spread of itsbough.i. The forest of Libanus never seems to have recovered the 
havoc made by Solomon's forty score thousand hewers : so that we have now, as Professor Martyn observes, 
probably more cedars in England than there are in Palestine. 
From the branchy head of this tree, and its aversion to pruning, it is not likely ever to become valuable as 
timber in this country. When planted for that purpose, it should, as Sang recommends, be sown in groves, 
and thus by proximity drawn up with few liranches. Much has been said of cedar timber, which borders on 
the miraculous ; as far as experience has gone, it is greatly inferior to that of the common larch, or the wild 
pine. The great use of the cedar is to plant singly on lawns, or in the margin of plantations, where one or 
two specimens will give force and character to t!ie dullest front of round-headed trees. 
L. Communis, Melexe, Fr., Lerchcnbaum, Ger., and I.aricio, Ital., is a deciduous tree, and there are two 
or three species or varieties not yet distinctly ascertained. Tliere is a variety with red and another with 
white flowers ; one with cinerous bark, called the Russian larch, and one with pendulous branches. L. 
pendula and L. microcarpa are considered species or subspecies ; the timber of both is said to bo harder 
than that of the common white larch ; but these trees have never yet had a fair trial in this country. As 
there are a few large specimens at Dunkeld and Athol, seeds will probably soon be obtained, and from their 
progeny a practical estimate may be formed of their merits in this country. The i-ed larch trees on the Athol 
estates do not contain one-third as many cubic feet of timber as the white larch of the same age. The wood 
is so ponderous that it will scarcely swim on water. {Hort. Trans, iv. 416.) The timber of the white larch has 
been as much extolled as that of the cedar, and with much mere reason. The rapidity of its growth is not 
less remarkable than the durability of the timber. Both have been experimentally proved in the Highlands 
of Scotland. It is stated by the Duke of Athol, that on mountainous tracts there, at an elevation of 1500 or 
1500 feet, the larch, at eighty years of age, has arrived at a size to produce six loads (300 cubic feet) of timber ; 
appearing in durability and every other quality to be likely to answer every purpose both of civil and naval 
architecture. {Hort. Trans, iv. 416.) The tree will arrive at a timber size in almost any situation or soil. 
Sang, a forest manager of extensive practice, has paid great attention to this tree. " It bears," he says, " the 
ascendancy over the Scotch pine in the following important circumstances : that it brings double the price, at 
east, per measureable foot ; that it will arrive at a useful timber size in one-half, or a third part of the time, 
m general, which the pine requires; and, above all, that the timber of the larch, at thirty or forty years old. 
