OllUER VIII. 
MONCECIA MONADELPHIA. 
807 
Leaves solitary subulate. Cones oblong blunt, Scales rounded somewhat 2-lobcd entire at edge 
13533 Leaves solitary 4-cornered erect straight. Cones ovate. Scales elliptical wavy at edge erect 
13534 Leaves fascicled deciduous. Cones ovate-oblong, Edges of scales refiexed lacerated, Rractes pandurifonn 
13 )3 ) Leaves fascicled deciduous, Cones oblong. Edges of scales infiexed, 15ractes pandurifonn s;):Lrply acuinin. 
]3)36 Leaves fascicled deciduous, Cones roundish few-tl. Scales reflexed, 13ractes panduriform bluntly acuminate 
13537 Leaves fascicled rigid evergreen acute, Cones roundish, Scales truncate apprcstcd 
13538 Leaves distichous spreading 
13539 Leaves solitary lanceolate remote 
13540 Leaves whorled linear falcate 
13541 Leaves lanceolate, Branches whorled 
13542 Leaves solitary linear cuspidate remote 
13543 Branches quadrang. Lvs. imbric. in 4 rows blunt appr. convex. Cones glob. Scales unarm. Branches straigiit 
13544 Branches quadrang. Lvs. imbric. in 4 rows appr. glauc. keel. Cones subglob. Sc. mucron. Branches pendulous 
133-t5 Branches compressed. Leaves imbricated 4 ways ovate warted at base 
13546 Leaves linear much spreading decussate 
13547 Leaves linear crossing appressed. Branches very slender 
13;:48 Branches 2-edged, Leaves imbricated in 4 rows ovate rhomboid appressed naked warted, Cones obovate 
13549 Branches 2-edged, Lvs. imbricat. in 4 rows ovate rhomboid appressed furrowed in middle, Cones elliptical 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
when it has been planted in a soil and climate adapted to the production of perfect timber, is in every respect 
superior in quality to that of the pine at 100 years old. In short, it is probable, that the larch will supersede 
the Scotch pine in most situations in this island, at no very distant period." 
The chief objections to the timber of the larch are its liability to warp and twist; but this Monteath and 
others have proved may be effectually prevented by bai'king the trees in spring while growing, and not cutting 
them dov/n till the following autumn, or even for a year afterwards. This is also said to prevent the timber 
from being attacked by the dry rot. The bark of the larch is more than half as valuable as that of the oak in 
tanning ; turpentine is extracted from it in the Tyrol by incision ; but that being always injurious to the timber, 
can never be recommended for adoption in this country. (See Encyc. of Gard. 7053. Monteath's Foredet 's 
Guide-; 2d edit. p. 234.) 
Like all other trees, and especially the resinous tribe, the timber of the larch is much affected by climate and 
soil. A certain elevation of surface, coldness of climate, and inferiority of soil, is absolutely necessary to pro- 
duce the timber in perfection. Sang has known it in many places make the most rapid progress for thirty or 
thirty-five years, and though there was no external signs of disorder, yet when it was felled, the wood had 
begun to rot in the hearts of the trees, and some were quite hollow a good way upwards. {Plant. Kal. 59.) 
Larix pendula, black larch, Tamarack or Hackmatack of the Americans, is a beautiful tree, resembling the 
European larch in appearance, as well as in the excellent qualities of its wood and bark. 
2015. Schubertia. Named in honor of M. Schubert, a Polish botanist. The deciduous cypress grows in 
extensive swamps, and on the banks of large rivers, from Indian river, Delaware, to Florida, and on the Mis- 
sissipi ; it is one of the largest trees of the new continent, and one of the most valuable timbers that country 
produces; it grows to a considerable height in this country, though the extremities of the young shoots are 
almost every autumn destroyed by frost. The finest specimens are at Sion-house and Blenheim. 
2016. Podocarpus. From -rus -rolog, a foot, and xa^irog, fruit ; in allusion to the stalk of the fruit The 
species are increased by ripened cuttings in sand under a hand-glass. 
2()17. Cupressus. In Greek xvra^ta-a-o;, from the isle of Cyprus, where this tree is very abundant. Cupressus 
sempervirens is a common timber tree in some parts of the Levant. It was employed by the Moors round their 
palaces, and both by the ancient and modern Romans in their villas and gardens. The timber of this tree is 
said to resist the worm, and to be of great durability. The doors of St. Peter's church at Kome were formed 
of this material, and have lasted eleven hundred years. The Greeks made their colfins of it ; and the mummy 
chests of Egypt are many of them of this wood. In Crete, Malta, and other places, it is used for the common 
purposes of building* and when imported into this country it is employed by the cabinet-maker and turner. 
Near buildings, where the prevailing architectural lines are horizontal, it forms very suitable combinations : 
it is also considered an appropriate tree for burial places. C. Thyoides is an abundant tree in the swamps of 
New Jersey and Pennsylvania. It is used for fencing and house-building, and is in the highest esteem for 
shingles and pipe staves. C. lusitanica is a native both of Goa and Japan, and the handsomest tree of the 
genus. It is easily distinguished from all the evergreens of the Coniferje by its abundance of very long dicho- 
tomous pendent branchlets. The culture of the hardy species of this genus, and also of Thuja, is the same as 
that of Pinus. 
2018. Thuja. An alteration of thya, its real name ; from 3-vcfj, to sacrifice. Its wood, which gives out when 
burnt an agreeable perfume, was used in sacrifices. Thuja occidentalis, Cedre blanc, Fr., is a well knowM 
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