Order IV. 
DKECIA TETRANDRIA. 
831 
13840 Arborescent, Leaves lanceolate silky, Branches villous, Bractes short downy, Cal. silky 
],'j841 Shrubby, Leaves linear lanceolate oblique smoothish, Male cal. smooth : female feathery, Fruit villous 
13842 Lvs. lane. lin. smooth rounded at base, Branches vill. Scales of cone silky cuneate, Fruit comose mucronate 
13843 Leaves oval lanceolate : when old smooth, Scales of cone dilated-cuneate silky 
13844 Leaves spatulate callous at end, and branches villous, Fruit comose pointless 
13843 Leaves linear spatulate tapering at base and branches smooth, Male head sessile larger than leaves 
13846 Leaves linear lanceolate smooth : the younger straight tapering at base. Female head shorter than leaves 
13847 Leaves linear bluntish twisted smooth, Branchlets somewhat silky, Cal. silky. Fruit comose pointless 
13848 Leaves spatulate linear silky with a callous beard at end, Cal. very shaggy, Fruit cuneate downy 
13849 Lvs. lin. acute channelled imbricated erect smooth. Scales of cone acute recurved, Fruit obcord. ciliated 
13850 Lvs. obi. veiny callous at end recurved smoothish : floral colored | scarious, Scales of cone downy outside 
13851 Leaves spatulate obi. jallous at end smooth. Branches downy. Scales of cone retuse ciliated downy at base 
Lvs. lane. obi. callous at end smooth : floral colored. Branches somewhat downy. Scales ovate obt. smooth 
13853 Lvs. spatul. lane. call, at end subdecurrent concave and branches smooth. Scales of cone roundish smoothish 
13854 Lvs. lin. lane, mucron. finally smooth, Invol. ov. ac. longer than head, Scales of cone round, dilated smooth 
13855 Lvs. lin. acute with transparent edges and branches quite smooth : floral lin. lane, long, Fr. winged emargin. 
13856 Leaves linear lanceolate acute : floral lanceolate colored concave, Shrub law with ascending branches 
13857 Lvs. obi. lanceolate bluntish veinless and branches quite smooth : floral A-colored, Fruit winged emarginate 
13858 Leaves linear lanceolate cuspidate somewhat silky : floral lanceolate colored, Fruit very narrow winged 
13859 Leaves lane. lin. silky with down on each side with callous points at end. Branches dov/ny. Calyx hairy 
13860 Lvs. lane. lin. silky with down on each side with call, points at end. Branches shag. Cal. of male hairy in lines 
13861 Upp. lvs. lane, spatul. ac. rugose. Cones ov. Scales cohering at base distinct above with recurv. beardl. edges 
13862 Lvs. all filiform chann. bluntish smootli spreading incurved. Scales cohering at base distinct above 2-lobed 
13863 Lvs. all filiform channelled acute imbric. straightish ciliated. Scales cohering at base distinct above 2-lobed 
13864 Leaves lanceolate obtuse, Stem dichotomous. Heads of flowers axillary 
13865 Leaves lanceolate broader upwards serrated. Stem shrubby 
13866 Leaves oblong narrowed at base subserrate at end, Scales of male catkins acute, Berries globose 
13867 Leaves oblong narrowed at base coarsely serrated. Scales of male catkins acute. Berries globose 
13868 Leaves oblong acute at each end entire or slightly serrated at end revolute at edge 
13869 Leaves elliptical lanceolate subserrate, Male catkins compound. Drupe with a 4 celled nucleus 
13870 Leaves elliptical toothed : the lowest quite entire 
13871 Leaves lanceolate unequally acuminate serrated, Catkins long lax 
13872 Leaves oblong deeply sinuated smooth 
13873 Leaves oblong oppositely sinuated hairy 
13874 Leaves subcordate serrate sessile 
13875 Leaves oblong lane, cuneate tapered at base nearly entire smooth shining with the middle nerve downy 
13876 Leaves lanceolate entire netted with veins. Catkins few-flowered lax 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
yellow, and is used for that purpose both in Sweden and Wales. The Swedes sometimes use a strong decoction 
of it to kill bugs and lice, and to cure the itch. The Welsh lay branches of it upon and under their beds to 
keep ofF fleas and moths, and give it as a vermifuge in powder and infusion, applying it also externally to the 
abdomen. In most of the Hebrides, as well as in the Highlands of Scotland, an infusion of the leaves is fre- 
quently given to children to destroy the worms. In Isla and Jura the inhabitants garnish their dishes with 
it, and lay it between their linen and other garments to give them a fine scent, and to drive away moths. 
When it grows within reach of a port, the sailors make besoms of it for sweeping their ships. In the isle of 
Ely they make faggots with it to heat their ovens. Linuceus was induced to suspect, from the smell of this 
shrub, that camphor might possibly be prepared from it. Horses and goats eat ; sheep and cows refuse it. 
M. cerifera may be used for most of the purposes of the former species. Candles are made from the berries 
in North America, whence it is called there the tallow shrub or candleberry tree ; some also name it the 
bayberry-bush. It grows abundantly on a wet soil, and seems to thrive particularly well in the neighbourhood 
of the sea, nor does it seem ever to be found high up in the country. The berries intended for making candles 
are gathered late in autumn, and are thrown into a pot of boiling water ; their fat melts out, floats at the top of 
the water, and may be skimmed ofE The fat when congealed looks like tallow or wax, but has a dirty green color ; 
it is therefore melted again and refined, by which means it acquires a fine and pretty transparent green color. 
It is dearer than common tallow, but cheaper than wax. They usually mix some tallow with it. Candles of 
this kind do not easily bend or melt in summer as common candles do ; they burn better and slower, nor do 
they cause any smoke, but rather yield an agreeable smell when they are extinguished. At present not many 
candles of this kind are used, the animal tallow is readily come at, it being very troublesome to gather the 
berries. They are chiefly used by poor people, who live near where the bushes grow, and have not cattle 
enough to supply them. A soap is made from the fat which has an agreeable scent, and is excellent for 
shaving ; and it is used by surgeons for plasters. In Carolina they likewise make sealing-wax from these 
berries. The root is accounted a specific in the tooth-ache. 
All the species grow well in peat soil or sandy loam, in a moist situation. They are increased by seeds or 
layers, but not readily by cuttings. 
