Order V. DICECIA PENTANDRIA. 
13893 Leaves abruptly pinnate, Leaflets lanceolate about 8, Petiole winged 
835 
138,94 Unarmed, Leaves pinnate of 2 or 3 pair. Leaflets ovate emarginate villous. Racemes terminal 
15895 Prickly, Leaves pinnate of 4 pair. Leaflets ovate repand-toothed unequal at base sos.sile. Panicles terminal 
13896 Lvs. pmn. with an odd one of 4-5 pair, Leafl. ov. obsoletely serrul. equal at base, Petiol. rounded unarmed 
13897 Lvs. pinn. with odd 1 of 3-5 pair, Leafl. stalkl. obi. ovalacum. serrul.obliq. at base, Petiol. and branch, prickly 
13898 Branches petioles and ribs prickly. Leaves pinnate with an odd one of 2-3 pairs, Leaflets oblong shining 
with remote glandular crenatures 
13899 Racemes filiform pendulous. Flowers triandrous. Styles 2 recurved ' 
13900 Lvs. obi. narrowed at base acumin. at end smooth shining on each side, Racemes axillary twin or solitary 
13901 Lvs. roundish ellipt. rounded at each end retuse emarginate at point downy beneath, Raccm. term, panicled 
13902 Leaves dotted scabrous : lower oblong acuminate ; upper ovate-lanceolate, Panicle branched compact 
1S903 Leaves ovate-oblong acute. Panicle erect. Branches simple. Stem furrowed 
13904 Leaves ovate smooth cuspidate, Panicle difluse branched. Stem furrowed 
13905 Leaves sagittate, Fruit sessile 
13906 The only species. Leaves alternate orbic ovate entire smooth, Spines 2 or 3 inches long 
13907 Leaves lanceolate. Capsules smoothish acutangular 
13908 The only species 
13909 The only species 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
loamy soil about the end of April : the male plants are generally pulled about the beginning of July, and the 
females four or five weeks after them, when they have ripened their seeds. The plants being tied in bundles, 
are watered and bleached, in the same manner as flax ; or they are dried and stacked without having gone 
through this process, and the fibres separated when wanted by the flax-breaking machine of recent invention, 
or by steeping in hot water and soft soap. The produce of hemp in fibre varies from three to six hundred 
weight per acre ; in seed, from eleven to twelve bushels. The fibre produces a cloth stronger than that from 
flax, and the best of all cordage and ropes. An oil is extracted from the seeds of hemp, which is used in 
cookery in Russia, and in this country by painters. The seeds themselves are reckoned a good food for poultry, 
and are supposed to occasion hens to lay a greater quantity of eggs. Small birds in general are very fond of 
them, but they should be given to caged birds with caution, and mixed with other seeds. A very singular 
effect is recorded, on very good authority, to have been sometimes produced by feeding bullfinches and gold- 
finches on hemp-seed alone, or in too great quantity j viz. that of changing the red and yellow on these birds 
to a total blackness. {Ency. of Agr. 5327.) 
2074. Humulus. From /jmwzms, "fresh earth j the hop grows only in rich soils. Our English word ^o/i, seems 
to be the Anglo-Saxon hoppan, to climb. Lupulus is a contraction of Lupus salictarius, the name by which it 
was, according to Pliny, formerly called, because it grew among the willows, to which, by twining round and 
choking up, it proved as destructive as the wolf to the flock. 
The hop has been cultivated in Europe an unknown length of time for its flowers, which are used for pre- 
serving beer. Its culture was introduced from Flanders in the reign of Henry VIII., though indigenous both 
in Scotland and Ireland : it is little cultivated in those countries, owing to the humidity of their autumnal 
season. Like other plants of this sort, the hop bears its flowers on different individuals ; the female plant, there- 
fore, is alone cultivated. There are several varieties grown in Kent and Surrey under the names of Flemish, 
Canterbury, Goldings, &c. ; the first is the most hardy, difiiering little from the wild or hedge-hop ; the Gold- 
ings is a very improved and highly productive variety, but more subject to the blight than the other. The hop 
prefers a deep loamy soil on a dry bottom ; a sheltered situation exposed to the south or south-west, but at 
the same time not so confined as to prevent a free circulation of air. The soil requires to be well pulverized 
and manured previously to planting. In hop districts, the ground is generally trenched either with the plough 
or spade. The mode of planting is generally in rows, six feet apart, and the same distance in the row. 
Five, six, or seven plants are generally placed together in a circular form, and at a distance of five or six feet 
from each other. The plants or cuttings are procured from the most healthy of the old stools ; each should 
have two joints or buds ; from the one which is placed in the ground springs tiie root, and from the other the 
stalk. Some plant the cuttings at once where they are to remain, and by others they are nursed a year in a 
garden. An interval crop of beans or cabbages is generally taken the first year. Sometimes no poles are 
placed at the plants till the second year, and then only short ones of five or six feet. The third year the hop 
generally comes into full bearing, and then from four to six poles from fourteen to sixteen feet in length are 
placed to each hill. The most durable timber for poles is that of the Spanish chesnut, which is much grown 
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