Oro. VIII. Tribe II. LICHENS CCENOTH AL AMI. 
965 
15572 Thallus stellat. pale-yellowish grey smooth, black and fibrous beneath : segments broadly lin. slnuato-pin- 
natifid, their sinuses broad and circular, Apotliecia nearly plane dark-brown, their margin thin entire 
15573 Thallus orbicular continuous rugose pale-grey pulverulent, beneath of the same color with blackish fibres : 
segments in the circumference distinct plane rounded waved inciso-crenate, Apothecia plane reddish- 
brown, their margin at length crenulate and pulverulent 
15574 Thallus stellated pale-yellow green smooth bearing powdery warts, beneath brownish-black and fibrillose : 
the segments linear appressed plane dichotomous somewhat truncated, Apothecia subcentral small 
nearly plane brown, their margin entire 
15575 Thallus orbicul. greenish-yell, smooth with blackish dots, brown and fibrillose beneath : segments sinuato- 
lobate rounded crenate nearly plane, Apothecia central chesnut-brown with the margin nearly entire 
15576 Thallus stellated glabrous greenish-white, beneath snowy-white with greyish fibres: the segments im- 
bricated linear plane cut and branched crenate, their extremities ascending and powdery, Apothecia 
central brown with a tumid singularly rough and crenate border 
15577 Thallus stell. smooth greyish-white, beneath black and fibrillose : segm. multif. lin. broader upwards cut di- 
varicated acute in the circumference frequently bearing powdery warts, Apothecia concave chesnut 
color with the margin entire 
15578 Thallus stellated deep glaucous green casious and pruinose when dry, beneath black and downy and his- 
pid : the segment linear multifid in the circumference plane appress. waved retuse at the extremities, 
Apothecia glaucous black, the margin entire and waved at length leafy 
15579 Thallus stellat. at length rugged and granulat. greyish-green, beneath with grey fibres : the segm. sublin. 
rather convex cut multifid, Apothecia glauc. black, their margin entire, at length waved and crenate 
10580 Stellate greyish-white and glaucous sorediferous, ash-colored beneath with black fibres : segments linear 
cut multif. convex but plane at extremities: fructification subconcave black with a subinflexed border 
a. Thallus stellate cinereous : segments branched separate recurved at edge roundish, some broader than 
the rest and powdery at the edge 
15581 Orbicular greenish-grey, fibrous and black beneath, Lacinje imbricated nearly plane multif erosa-crenate 
somewhat ciliate : the margin sometimes raised ; fructification very dark, the border raised entire 
15582 Crust blueish-white tartareous minutely undulated, Apothecia clustered somewhat sunk : disk flat black 
or brown ; margin thick externally black 
15583 Thallus substellated glaucous white : beneath brownish black ; the segm. sinuato-multifid convex glabrous 
inflated and ascending at the extremity, Apothecia red brown, their margin entire 
15584 Thallus substellate greyish-green : beneath rugose blackish and white ; segments sinuato-multifid nearly 
plane smooth bearing powdery warts and perforated j the extrem. inflated, Apoth. redd. : marg. entire 
15585 Thallus greyish-white'naked on both sides and of the same col. substellat. : segm. pinnatif. ascend, dilat. 
arched and ciliated at the extremity, Apothecia scattered : disk plane csesious black ; its marg. entire 
15586 Thallus palish : segments erect linear multifid attenuated ciliated : beneath very white powdery and 
channelled, Apothieca with a flat black CcBsious disk 
15587 Thallus greenish-grey farinaceous : the segments linear attenuated branched grooved naked rugose and 
blackiih beneath, Apothecia somewhat marginal cup-shaped with their margin thin inflexed 
15588 Thallus yellow naked and of the same color on both sides : segments linear flattish pinnatifid branched 
fibrous at end, Apothecia somewhat terminal with an orange-colored disk 
15589 Thallus yellow naked: segments dichotomously branched slightly compressed atten. divaricated compli- 
cated, Apothecia scattered : their disk plane orange-red ; their margin entire naked 
15590 Thallus greenish : segments linear branched attenuated ciliated at end whitish and channelled beneath, 
Apothecia somewhat terminal : disk concave becoming flat with a fringid border 
15591 Thallus pale rufous downy : segm. divaricating tortuous linear tapering channelled on the under surface, 
Apothecia scattered : disk flattish brownish-black with a thin entire border 
15592 Thallus pale-yellow very yellow beneath : the segments plane ascending erose crenate and crisped, 
Apothecia elevated : their disk brown ; the margin crenulated 
/S Thallus with segm. depressed : the lobes rounded crenate ; margins crisped pulverulent and very yellow 
15593 Thallus olive-brown paler beneath ; the segments plane ascending lobed waved subcrenate, Apothecia 
elevated of the same color : their margin rugose and crenulate 
15594 Thallus glaucous somewhat shining sinuated and lobed brown beneath: the segments cut and jagged 
curled ascending, Apothecia elevated chesnut-brown : their margin wrinkled 
)S Thallus white on each side or with occasional black spots beneath 
and Miscellaneous Particulars. 
of ulcers ; and diarrhoeas, dysentery, and hooping cough. Its virtues, however, have been greatly overrated. 
{Jhom. Lond. Disp. 365.) 
Though plentiful with us, it is scarcely sufficiently so to form an article of commerce. A great proportion 
of what comes to our shops, where it is in great request as a medicine in coughs, consumptions, &c. is procured 
from Norway or from Iceland. Immense quantities are gathered in the latter country, not only for sale, but for 
home consumption, as an article of common food. The bitter and purgative quality being extracted by steep- 
ing in water, the lichen is dried, reduced to powder, and made into a cake, or boiled and eaten with milk ; and 
eaten with thankfulness, too, by the poor natives, who confess " that a bountiful Providence sends them bread 
out of the very stones." An ample account of the nutritive qualities of this plant may be found in the 
Memoir of Professor Proust, inserted in the Journal de Physique, for August, 1806. 
3 Q 3 
