Order IX. FUNGI. S81 
2392. Bulgaria. Cupula closed at first. Asci immersed, with parapliysos, becoming separate and bursting out. 
Gelatinous. 
'2393. Ditiola. Hymenium becoming plaited and deliquescent. Cupula open. Veil universal. Corht/. 
£394. Cenangium. Hymenium smooth, persistent, rarely deliquescent. Cupula closed, but opening finally. 
Somewhat coriaceous. 
£395. Stictis. Hymenium smooth, immersed. Cupula obliterated. Hymenium persistent. 
£396. Cryptomyces. Spreading, quite adnate, emerging, nearly plane, carnose. Hymenium covering the 
whole surface. Thecee erect. Sporidia large, oval. 
Class III. Tremellini. 
Hymenium confounded with a gelatinous receptacle. Sporidia separate. Asci none. 
2397. Tremella. Receptacle gelatinous homogeneous, fructifying in all directions, without papilla;. Sporidia 
nearly emerging. 
\ 1. Coryne. Fleshy gelatinous, somewhat clavate. 
\ 2. Phyllopta. Somewhat cartilaginous, expanded, leafy. 
2398. Exidia. Receptacle gelatinous, homogeneous, covered on the upper surface only by a papillose hyme- 
nium. Sporidia emitted with elasticity. 
2399. Dacrymyces. Receptacle gelatinous, homogeneous, filled with assurgent flocci, and sporidia placed in 
layers inside. When young compact, but finally deliquescent. 
2400. Agyrium. Receptacle spherical, smooth, compact, waxy, when humid gelatinous, finally crumbling 
away in sporidia. 
2401. Hvmenella. Recep acle flattened, adnate, smooth, like soft leather, very thin, persistent. 
2402. Ncematelia. Receptacle gelatinous, surrounding a compact heterogeneous nucleus. Sporidia emerging. 
Class IV. SCLEROTIACE^. 
Hymenium confounded both with the fleshy receptacle and the sporidia. Asci none. 
2403. Acrospermum. Elongated, somewhat clavate, with a coat of a similar substance, distinctly fructifying 
at the end. 
2404. Sclerotium. Subglobose, or without regular form within, homogeneous, vesiculose, carnose, or corneous. 
Sporules unknown. 
2405. Ehixoctonia. Deformed, united with a similar persistent coat by means of root-like fibres proceeding 
from all points of its surface. 
£406. Periola. Rootless, fleshy, covered entirely by a villous persistent coat. 
2407. Acinula. Rootless, smooth, with a distinct farinaceous granular coat. 
2408. Erysiphe. Sporangium epiphyllous, very minute, globose, furnished with white radiating subjacent 
filaments, and containing sporuliferous bodies. 
Tribe II. GASTEROMYCETES, 
Fungus entirely closed, and bearing sporidia in the centi-e ; and so forming an uterus. 
Class I. Angiogastres. 
Uterus finally bursting forth, separate from the receptacle. Sporidia lodged in the receptacle. 
Division I. Phalloidece. 
Receptacle separate, open on account of the bursting of the uterus. Sporidia placed in a mucous layer. 
2409. Phallus. Stipes issuing from a volva. Pileus furnished with large cells filled with a sporuliferous 
slimy substance. 
Observations. 
are by modem writers now referred to their proper stations. The genus Mycoderma of Persoon, to which 
are referred those tough skin-like coatings which are found upon vegetable extracts enclosed in bottles, and 
which is generally placed among Tremellini, is thought by Fries to be not of a vegetable nature. 
The species at present known _are found in Europe, Asia, and North America, but no material difference 
seems to be caused in them by their native country. All the species, with one exception, are epiphytes; the 
most perfect bursting forth from the bark of trees ; the least perfect occurring on decorticated wood, the stems 
of herbs, &c. &c. The more the wood is dried, the nearer the species approach to Lichens ; the more it is 
humid to Algae. They are in perfection in the latter part of autumn, winter, and early spring, but scarcely any 
are found in the summer. Some live for a month or more ; others appear to be perennial. When dry they 
are not to be recognized ; they may nevertheless be preserved, and if moistened, they recover their original 
appearance. It must be observed, that they are in all cases to be examined in a wet and tumid state. 
Their qualities are refrigerant, and but little known. They are destitute of smell and taste, for which 
reason, and on account of their mucilaginous texture, scarcely any species is eatable. Many of the large kinds 
were formerly used in medicine in cases of ophthalmia, under the name of the " Jew's ear." Vinegar in 
which they had been steeped was also used as a gargle in tumors of the throat, according to Clusius. Tremella 
fimbriata is said to furnish a dye, and the sporidia of T. mesenterica to dye yellow. Dacrymyces destroys 
timber. 
Class IV. Sclerotiacece. The affinity of this class is complex ; for the lower we descend, the less differences 
are to be found between natural bodies. Thus Sclerotiacei are not only closely connected with the preceding 
divisions, but have a more or less obvious relation to all the hymenine and epiphytous classes of other tribes. 
Before the time of Tode, a most sagacious observer, who was the first to distinguish the Sclerotia from other 
fungi, a very few species only were known, which were confounded with Lycoperdon, SphEeria, Tuber, and othe r 
genera. He was followed by various other mycologists, and especially by DecandoUe, who described thirty- 
nine species. Tode, Persoon, and Link, have been unable to detect any fructification ; Decandolle, Ehren. 
berg, and Fries, declare that the sporidia are scattered through the whole mass of the fungus, and emerge from 
it like hoar-frost. 
Most of the known species are epiphytes, either upon living or recently dead plants. When growing in 
cellars and subterraneous places they undergo no alteration, but they do not fructify. They flourish most in 
the winter, late in the autumn, and early in the spring ; and are exceedingly common just at the retreat of 
winter. A very few Spermodia only are found in the summer. Their odor and smell are either incon- 
spicuous or nauseous. None of the species at least are eatable., Those which grow on rotten seeds are exceed- 
ingly poisonous. Some feed on the roots of living plants, which they destroy ; others infest sickly herbs, whence 
they are a pest to the farmers. 
Tribe II. Gasterumycetes. These fungi consist of concrete cells; they have a determinate figure and a 
tendency to a spherical form ; at first they are closed, but finally are furnished with an orifice ; or burst in an 
irregular manner, and emit an internal mass of reproductive matter, which either crumbles to pieces or 
deliquesces. The integument is of various natures, either a volva, a peridium, or perithecium, of a somewhat 
bladdery texture ; and is simple or double, but rarely multiple. They almost all, when young, are fluxile or 
soft, or have some part or another of a fluid nature ; afterwards they become indurated and rigid, and assume 
their true forms. 
Class I. Angiogastres. These are fungi of remarkable forms, and most unusual mode of fmctifying ; they 
were well known to Clusius, not to mention the celebrated Truffle of which Theophrastus had knowledge. 
They are found in different climates ; but the most perfect only ir^temperate regions. The latter are also 
3 II 3 
