NATURAL ARRANGEMENT. 
1055 
Tribe 5. P^oniejE. 
1164 Actae'a Ph. 1207 Cimic'ifuga Ph. 1202 P£e6nia W. 709 Xanthorhiza W. 
Order II. DILLENIACE.E. 
Fine plants, almost exclusively confined to tropical countries. Dillenia speci6sa, a native of India, is a most 
noble tree with large yellow flowers, rivalling those of a Magn61ia. Hibbertia volubilis is a green-house plant 
well known for the beauty of its blossoms, and their powerfully fetid smell. The medical properties of this 
order are scarcely known ; a decoction of their leaves or bark is astringent, and used for gargles ; and the acid 
juice of the fruit of some of the species of Dillenia is used in India, mixed with water, as a pleasant beverage 
in fevers. The foliage of many of the species is extremely scabrous, whence the dried leaves are used for the 
same purposes as fish-skin and sand-paper in Europe ; those of Trachy tella aspera are even employed in China 
for polishing works of metal. 
1201 Curatella W. 1206 Trachytella Dec. 1203 Hibbertia H. K. 
1212 Tetracera L. 1214. Dillenia W. 1211 Colb^rtia Sal. 
Order III. MaGNOLIACE^. 
No one is ignorant of the grandeur of Magnolias, or of the delicious, though sometimes dangerous, fragrance 
of their blossoms ; but it is less generally known, that, from their affinity to the trees that produce the famous 
Winter's bark and Melambo bark, they possess medicinal qualities of no common power. The bark of all of 
them is said to have a bitter flavor without any astringency, and combined with a hot aromatic principle. In 
the United States, the bark of MagntSlia glauca and Liriodendron tulipifera, is employed for the same purposes 
as Jesuit's bark, and from the fruit of Magnolia acuminata, a tincture is prepared which has some reputation 
for removing attacks of rheumatism. The fruit of llHcium anisatum, is the material which flavors the liqueur 
called Anisette de Bourdeaux. The Magnolias are exclusively inhabitants of Asia and America, no species 
having hitherto been found either in Europe or in Africa. 
1215 Illicium W. 1216 Liriodendron W. 1217 Magn61ia W 1218 Michelia W. 
Order IV. ANNONACE^E. 
The plants of this order are closely allied to Magnoliacese, from which they are principally distinguished by 
the absence of stipulae, and by the structure of their anthers and seeds. The latter consist of a hard mass of 
albumen, ruminated, as the botanists call it, that is to say, perforated by the substance of the seed-coat, in 
every direction. They are all trees or shrubs, and chiefly inhabitants of the hottest parts of the tropics, but a 
few have been discovered straggling into the temperate zones of America. The fruit of the Annona is in 
many species highly esteemed as an article for the dessert, especially that of the Cherimoyer, which has the 
reputation of being the finest fruit in the world, next to the Mangosteen. The hard fruits of the species of 
Uvaria are highly aromatic ; those of one of them furnish the Piper sethiopicum of the shops. The genus 
Asimina is the only one which contains any hardy species, and these are so delicate as to be seen very rarely 
in this country. In Brazil, the bark of Xyl6pia sericea is used for cordage; for which it is admirably 
adapted. 
1219 Uvaria W. 1221 Artab6trys R. Br. 1223 Asimina Ad. 
1220 Ann6na P. S. 1222 Guatt^ria R. ^ P. 1224 Xylopia W. 
Order V. MENISPERME^.. 
The order of Menispermeee consists entirely of twining shrubs with minute flowers. They are ex- 
tremely dissimilar in habit from the orders which are placed near them, and occupy their present station 
entirely on account of certain minute but important characters in their fructification. With the exception of 
Schizandra coccinea none of them are worth cultivating as plants of ornament. The berries of Lardizabala 
biternata are sold in the markets of Chile, under the name oi Agnilboquil, Guilbogid, or Coguill-Vochi, according 
to different travellers. The bitter, diuretic, and aperient sorts of Pareira brava, are produced by a species of 
Menispermum, as is also the famous Columbo root, so much esteemed for its intense bitterness, and for its 
use in diarrhoea and dysentery. The poisonous drug, called Cocculus indicus in the shops, is the seed of Meni- 
.spermum Cocculus. Several Brazilian species of Cocculus are said to possess powerful febrifugal properties. 
No species of Menispermeae is found in Europe; they are chiefly natives of tropical America and Asia. 
858 Wendlandia W. 2100 Menispermum D. 2116 Cissampelos Dec. 
1972 Schizandra W. 2101 Cocculus Dec. 
Order VI. BERBERIDEiE. 
With the exception of B^rberis this order does not contain any genus of much interest ; most of the others 
are low, inconspicuous, herbaceous plants ; Nandina is an elegant Japanese shrub. The Berberises are all 
shrubs of much beauty and interest, especially the species witii pinnated leaves, which are sometimes called 
Mahonias. These are all inhabitants either of Europe, Asia, or North and South America; none have ever 
been seen in Africa or New South Wales. Many of the finest species from Chile and India yet remain to be 
introduced. The berries of the Berberises are acid and astringent ; the latter quality is especially abundant 
in the stem and bark. 
297 Epim^dium W. 826 Caulophyllum Mich. 829 Berberis W. 
825 Leontice W. 827 Diphyll^ia Mich. 830 Nandina W. 
Order VII. PODOPHYLLACEiE. 
Little interesting herbaceous North American plants, nearly related on the one hand to NymphEeacese, and, 
on the other, to the herbaceous genera of Berberideae. Their juice is held to be purgative. 
1166 Podophyllum W. 896 JefFersonia Ph. 
Order VIII. HYD110PELTlDE.ffi. 
This order differs from NymphEeacete chiefly in having a definite number of seeds. It consists of only two 
genera, each containing a single species. Both are little floating plants of tropical and northern America. 
Nothing is known of their properties. 
1240 Hydrop^ltis H. K. 
Order IX. NYMPH^ACE^. 
Like the last, these are all floating plants, and, to gardeners, possessed of great interest, on account of the 
elegant form and various hues of their flowers Three species are known as the lilies of our own streams and 
ponds, and the remainder occupy similar stations in other countries. Some of the Indian species of Nymphae'a 
are delightfully fragrant. The holy Cyamus, or Pythagorean bean of antiquity, is the produce of the Nelum- 
bium, a stately aquatic, which abounds in all the hotter countries of the East, where its roots are frequently 
used as an article of food. The ditches, about Pekin and other Chinese cities, are literally choaked up 
with its abundance. The pericarpia or beans are oblong, hard, smooth bodies, and possess the power of vege- 
tating after having been dried for even thirty years. The flowers and roots of the common white Nymphae'a 
have been long celebrated for their sedative and antiaphrodisiacal qualities, which are, however, now con- 
sidered doubtful. In Sweden, in years of scarcity, the roots of Nuphar lutea are pounded into cakes along 
with the inner bark of Pinus sylvestris. 
