1058 
NATURAL ARRANGEMENT. 
Tribe 18. Subul4Hika;. 
1447 Subuliria i. 
^ Of doubtful station. 
1380 Schizop^talon Sims. 
Order XIII. FLACOURTIANEiE. 
A very small order formerly comprised in TiliaceEe. It is remarkable on account of the structure of its 
fruit, to the inner lining of which the seeds are attached upon a branched placenta. Nothing is known of the 
properties of the Flacourtias. The berries of Flacourtia Ramdntchi are eaten in Madagascar. The order 
consists entirely of small tropical trees or bushes. 
2102 Flacourtia W. 
Order XIV. CAPPARIDE^. 
These are nearly related to Crucifers, of the properties of which they partake. Many are very pretty plants, 
especially Cle6me rosea, and the various species of Crata'va. The common caper is an elegant bush, remark- 
able for its large white flowers and long purple stamens. The species are found occasionally in various parts 
of the world. The different kinds of Capparis are reputed to be stimulating, antiscorbutic, and aperient. 
The bark of the root of the common caper passes for a diuretic medicine. Several species of Cle6me have an 
acrid taste, which has been compared by travellers to that of mustard. The root of Cle6me dodecandra is 
employed as a vermifuge in the United States ; and the leaves produce an inflammation of the skin, whence 
they are used in Cochin-china as a sinapism. Dec. 
1162 Capparis W. 1086 Cratee'va W. 1448 Cle6me W. 
Order XV. VIOLARIE^. 
This is one of the most favorite orders with gardeners ; consisting, as it chiefly does, of the Violet genus, 
from which most of the others are recent dismemberments. The greater part are hardy herbaceous plants, 
some of which are remarkable for their perfume, others for their brilliant colors, and all for their neatness. 
They are natives of the temperate or cold zones of both hemispheres, often growing at great elevations above the 
sea. Among them is a tribe called Alsodinere, consisting of sufFrutescent tropical plants ; but none of them have 
been introduced into the gardens of this country. The attention of collectors should be directed to procuring 
the shrubby Violaceae of Brazil, some of which possess great interest. The medical properties of the order 
are found principally in their roots, which appear to possess, in all cases, emetic properties, in a greater or 
less degree. One of the Ipecacuanhas is the root of a Brazilian violet. M. Decandolle has the following 
observations upon the affinities of the Violariese : — They are very nearly akin, he observes, to the Polygaleee 
and Droseracea;, and especially to the Passifloreee. From the first they are distinguished by their unilocular 
fruit, leaves furnished with stipules and two-celled anthers; from Droseracete by their solitary style, length- 
ened embryo and stipulate leaves, the vernation of which is involutive, not circinate. From Passifloreee they 
differ in their fruit being capsular, not berried; in their albumen being compact and shining, not pitted; in 
their stamens being hypogynous, not perigynous ; in their anthers being attached along their whole length, not 
fixed by their middle ; finally, in their stigmas being one and not three. The genus Calyptrion approaches 
Passifloreze in its twining stem, and Hymenanthera borders upon Polygalta^ on account of its raonospermous 
pericarpium with solitary pendulous seeds. 
541 lonidium Vent. 540 Viola W. 539 Sauvag^sia Jacq. 
Order XVI. POLYGALE^. 
Most of the plants of this order are interesting, and deserving the attention of the gardener, some for their 
neatness, some for their beauty, and some for their use in medicine. They are natives of most countries, and 
are either low herbaceous plants, occasionally less than an inch in height (small specimens of Polygala pur- 
purea), or shrubs varying from a dwarf, rigid, spiny habit, to a tall, graceful, drooping appearance. PolygalesB 
are remarkable for the union of their stamens into a single body, their one-celled anthers opening with a 
pore, and their irregular flowers, one of which is often keel-shaped, and beautifully crested or bearded. The 
leaves have generally a bitter astringent taste, which is much more abundant in the roots, combined with an 
acrid and somewhat resinous flavour : these properties are particularly sensible in P. senega, which is reputed 
a sudorific, diuretic, sialagogue, cathartic, or mild emetic, according to the manner in which it is adminis- 
tered. The Yelhoi of South America, the root of a species of Monnina, has the same properties as P. senega, 
and is particularly used as a remedy for dysentery. The well known Rattany, or Ratanhia root, of Chile, is the 
produce of a plant of this order, and possesses powerful tonic and astringent qualities. According to the 
analysis of a French chemist, it contains gallic acid, but neither tannin nor resin. 
1508 Polygala W. 1509 Muraltia Neck. 1510 Mundia Kunth. 1511 Securidaca. L. 
Order XVII. DROSERACE^E. 
The order of sun-dews is a small group of plants, natives of marshes or inundated grounds in all the tem- 
perate parts of the world. The species are very remarkable for the abundance of glandular hairs with which 
all the parts of the foliage are covered. Only two species are in any degree frutescent. The young leaves 
are always rolled up in the circinate manner, so remarkable in ferns. Their medicinal properties appear to be 
trifling : the leaves have the power of curdling milk. 
702 Drosera W. 1009 Dionae'a W. 
Order XVIII. BIXINE^. 
The plants of this order are few in number, and not remarkable either for beauty or use. The Bixa orel- 
lana is chiefly known for producing the seed called in the shops Arnotta (Ilocon, Fr.), and used for coloring 
cheese; the properties of the Arnotta are slightly purgative and stomachic. They are all bushes or small 
trees, and mostly tropical. Azaras, Chilian shrubs with fragrant flowers, are not yet known in the gardens 
of Europe. 
1178 Bixa W. 1179 Prockia L. 
Order XIX. CISTTNE^. 
The common rock roses of our gardens give an accurate idea of this order, which contains little else. They 
are all very ornamental, and particularly well calculated for covering rockwork. The species of Cistus and 
Helianthemum have been multiplied by Dunal in an extravagant manner, as has been well demonstrated by 
Mr. Bentham. They are natives of most parts of the world in dry elevated places. The gum called Ladanum 
is the produce of some kinds of Cistus ; it exhales a fragrant perfume when burnt, and possesses slightly 
tonic and stomachic properties. 
1089 Hudsonia W. 1197 Cistus J. 1198 HeUanthemum J. 222 Lechea W. 
