1063 
NATURAL ARRANGEMENT. 
be attributed. Zygophyllum Fabago is em[)loyed as an anthelmintic, but it is in the Guaiacum that the great 
medical virtues of the order are found : all the genus is extremely exciting ; the wood and bark of Guai- 
acum officinale and sanctum have a rather bitter acrid flavor, and are principally used as sudorifics, 
diaphoretics, or alteratives ; they have been found to contain a particular substance differing both from gum 
and resin, which has been called guayacine. Many of the species bear beautiful flowers, especially the 
Tribuluses, which with their brilliant yellow Cistus-like blossoms, enliven many a barren rock in the tropics. 
None are found in the colder latitudes of the world. 
994 Zygophyllum W. 995 Fagonia W. 996 Tribulus W. 993 Guaiacum W. 
Order XLIII. MELIACE^. 
The nearest affinity of this order is probably with Sapindacese. It is particularly distinguished by the 
stamens being united into a tube bearing the anthers. The leaves are usually pinnated, and most of the 
species, which are all either trees or shruVjs, are natives of tropical forests. Melia bears bunches of fine lilac 
colored flowers, but few of the genera are interesting on account of their inflorescence. The qualities of the 
different species are little known. Canella alba is aromatic, and is used in equinoctial America as a spice. 
The bark of Guarea trichilioides is said by Aublet to be purgative and emetic. The pulpy fruit of Melia 
Azedarach is said to be poisonous ; both this part and the inner bark have been used as anthelmintics either 
in substance or in decoction. It is asserted by Michaux, that the pulp that surrounds the kernel is considered 
in Pekin a specific in scrophulous cases. The oil expressed from the seeds of the same plant is said to have 
strong antispasmodic powers. 
888 Guarea W. 988 M^lia W. 991 Ekebergia W. 
987 Trichilia W. 989 Quivisia Cav. 992 Heynea Eoxb. 
Order XLIV. CEDRELE^. 
Some of the finest trees of the tropical regions of the globe are comprehended in this order, as the well 
known mahogany, and the New Holland cedar, which is a species of Cedrela. Their winged seeds distinguish 
them from MeliaccEe. The bark of Cedrela Tuna is employed in the East Indies as a febrifuge, as is also that 
of the mahogany in the West. But the most powerful remedy for fevers in the whole order is the Soymida of 
the West Indies, which is the produce of Swietenia febrifuga ; its taste is bitter and nauseous, and its virtues 
are extolled as equalling those of Cinchona. 
990 Swietenia W. 531 Cedrela W. 
Order XLV. AURANTIACE^. 
These are also known under the name of Hesperide^e. They consist of trees or shrubs of the greatest beauty 
and utility. The well-known orange and lemon are the representatives of the order, the characters of which 
are so well defined that there is no material deviation from the type afforded by those species. The thick 
leaves, articulated with their petiole, and abounding in transparent reservoirs of odoriferous oil, are the most 
obvious peculiarities. The flowers are fragrant, and the fruit in all cases fleshy, and generally eatable. The 
wood is particularly close-grained. The volatile oil contained in the reservoirs of the leaves and fruit possesses 
powerful tonic and stimulating properties. M. Decandolle thus explains the singular structure of the fruit of 
the orange. In the opinion of this learned botanist it consists, first, of a thick, valveless, indehiscent indusium 
or coat, which is most likely to be considered a continuous torus. Secondly, of several carpella, verticillate 
around an imaginary axis, often separable without laceration ; membranous, and either containing seeds only, 
or filled with pulp, lying in innumerable little bags proceeding from the inner coata of the cells. 
500 Triphasia Lorn: 1C04 Glycosmis Corr. 1005 Murraya W. 1196 ^'gle Corr. 
1003 Limonia W. 1615 Citrus W. 1006 Coukia W. 2149 Fer6nia Corr. 
Order XLVI. TERNSTROMI ACE^. 
A very small order, consisting wholly of trees or shrubs, bearing handsome white or yellowish flowers. They 
are nearly related to Camellieae, from which they do not differ at all in habit. Nothing is known of their pro- 
perties. Noronha states that a species of Saurauja found in Java has a subacid fruit, in flavor resembling the 
Tomato, and that it is eaten by the Javanese under the name of Koleho. 
1083 Eurya Th. 1494 Gordonia W. 1495 Stuartia W. 
Order XLVII. CAMELLIE-E. 
Camellias are too well known in our gardens to render it necessary to say much upon their peculiarities. 
The Camellia is one of the most beautiful, and the tea one of the most useful, plants in the world. Both are 
natives either of China, Japan, or Nepal. The tea is well known for the stimulating influence of its decoction 
upon the nerves, which is attributed by Cullen to the presence of a narcotic principle. The seeds of Camellia 
oleifera yield a fine oil. None of the species bear fragrant flowers. Their nearest affinity is with Ternstrdmi- 
ace£E, from which they probably ought not to be separated. 
1496 Camellia Ker 
Order XLVIII. OLACINEiE. 
Smooth trees or shrubs, with simple stalked exstipulate alternate entire leaves, and little axillary flowers. 
Botanists doubt whether what is called a calyx is not rather an involucrum, m which case the corolla would 
become a calyx, and the station of the order among Monochlamydete, rather than in this place. 
890 Ximenia W. 
Order XLIX, RUTACE^. 
An interesting and extensive, but rather heterogeneous, group of plants, natives of all countries and all situ- 
ations. The species are either fetid northern herbaceous plants, as the garden rue, or neat heath-like southern 
shrubs, with an aromatic odor, as the CapeDiosmas; broad or long-leaved Australasian shrubs, with a stellate 
pubescence, as Phebalium, or tropical trees with panicles of pallid minute flowers, as the Cusparias and Xan. 
th6xylums. The order contains nearly 300 species, of which but a small proportion is in our gardens. The 
medical properties of many genera are considerable. Ruta and Peganum are emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and 
sudorific. Diosma abounds in a volatile oil of an agreeable smell, but acrid flavor ; several of its species are 
reputed antispasmodics. The Xanthoxylums are said to possess acrid, stimulating, or tonic qualities ; Clava 
Herculis and fraxineum are said, in America, to be powerful sudorifics and diaphoretics. According to 
Barton, they possess a remarkable power of exciting copious salivation, not only when applied to the mouth, 
but even when taken internally ; they have both been found powerful remedies in paralysis of the muscles 
of the mouth. Xanthoxylum caribai'um is regarded in Guiana as a detersive vulnerary and febrifuge. The 
famous febrifugal Angostura bark is the produce of Cusparia febrifuga. 
998 RCita W. 
Tribe 1. 
1088 Peganum W. 
RUTE^E. 
1293 Melianthus W. 
905 Jambolifera 
