NATURAL ARRANGEMENT. 
1069 
passion-flower, possess none of the properties of the pulp ; they are sweet and nutty, and readilv form an emul- 
sion. The roots of the bryony are purgative, but also contain a wliolesomc fajcula. It is said that the roots of 
a species of bryony are eaten in Abyssinia, after being merely boiled. There are some Cucurbitaceae, the 
roots of which are intensely bitter; those of one of this description are used in Peru, to remove the pains 
attendant upon inveterate venereal disorders. 
551 Gron6via W. 2019 Trichosanthes W 2022 Cucumis TV. 2024 Bryonia W. 
1940 Anguria W. 2020 Momurdiea JV. 2023 Sicyos IV. 2095 Carica TV. 
1976 Luffa Cav. 2021 Cucurbita W. 
Order LXVII. LOASE^. 
Nothing is known of the qualities of this order. It consists of succulent cut-leaved plants, generally covered 
with asperities or rigid stinging hairs, and yellow or white flowers. They are all natives of America, and 
handsome annuals. A very few of them are climbers. 
1113 Bartonia Ph. 1194 Mentzelia W. 1619 Loasa L 
Order LXVIII. HALORAGEiE. 
Obscure weeds, chiefly distinguished from Onagrarias, by their naked and solitary ovula. They are natives 
of moist places or ponds, in various parts of Europe and North America. Some of the species of Haloragis are 
tropical. They are not known to possess any medicinal properties. 
23 Hippuris W. 932 Halorigis W. 1987 Myriophyllum W. 309 Ludwigia W. 
27 Callitriche JV. 1968 Serp'icula IV. 258 Isnarda W. 
Order LXIX. ONAGRARIiE. 
A very well defined order, generally known by its pollen cohering, by a sort of filamentous substance, an 
inferior polysperraous ovarium, a tetrasepalous tetrapetalous flower, with a definite number of stamens, and a 
single style. From this form there are some anomalous variations, such as Circse'a and Lop^zia, which are, 
however, easily reconciled to the usual structure of the order. Most of the genera are pre-eminently beauti- 
ful ; as Epilobium, QDnoth^ra, and Fuchsia, which are old favorites among gardeners. The properties of 
Onagrarice are little known, and probably very weak. The leaves of Jussia;'a peruviana are used as an emol- 
lient poultice, the seed of Trapa natans as an eatable nut, and the root of Oinoth^ra biennis as a sort of 
6alad. 
71 Circ£E'a W. 903 Epilobium JV. 1026 Jussise'a JV. 
18 Lopezia Cav. 904 Fuchsia JF. 901 GEnothera JV. 
902 Gatira JV. 308 Trapa JV. 2064 Montinia JV. 
Order LXX. FICOIDEiE. 
These are all plants with a greater or less degree of succulence ; the Mesembryanthemums and Hymeno- 
gyne are well-known dry-stove plants, many of which are beautiful in the highest degree. Of the former 
of these two, the flowers are of all colors, many of the most vivid hues, and remarkable for expanding 
only beneath bright sunshine ; this phenomenon, indeed, is common to the whole order. Tetragonia ex- 
pansa, Sesiivium portulacastrum, and Mesembryanthemum edele, are excellent substitutes for summer 
spinach. A large quantity of saline matter is contained in all of them ; in Reaumuria vermiculata, a .'sub- 
stance is secreted, which has been found by chemical analysis to consist of muriate of soda and nitrate of 
potash. The whole order grows in very dry or saline places, in the temperate regions of the world. Four 
fifths of the whole are natives of the Cape of Good Hope. The leaves of the dilferent species of Mesembryan- 
themum, offer the most remarkable instances of figure known in the vegetable world. 
1090 Nitraria JV. 1143 Sesuvium JV. 1145 Tetrag6nia JV. 1147 Hymen6gyne Haw. 
1107 Glinus JV. 1144 Aizoon JV. 1146 Mesembryanthemum L. 1210 Reaumuria JV. 
Order LXXI. PORTULACE.?:. 
With the exception of Turnera, Tamaiix, Talinum, and a few species of Clayt6nia, the whole cSf this order 
consists of insignificant weedy plants, of no beauty, and little use. Claytonia perfoliata and common purs- 
lane, which are occasionally used as salads, being the only species of a useful kind. They are chiefly herba- 
ceous plants, frequenting dry barren situations, or the sea-shore of all parts of the world ; all are insipid and 
inodorous, and destitute, as far as is known, of medicinal properties. Some of the kinds of Timarix have an 
astringent tonic bark, and yield, when burnt, a large proportion of sulphate of soda. Turnera resembles a 
Cistus. 
224 MrSntia JV. 1092 Talinum Haiv. 871 Limeum JV. 690 Corrigiola W. 
537 Claytonia JV. 1093 Anacampseros L. 692 Portulacaria JV. 686 Turnera JV. 
689 Telephium IV. 1036 Trianthema JV. 1037 Scleranthus JV. 685 Tamarix JV. 
1091 Portulaca JV. 
Order LXXII. CACTI. 
All succulent plants destitute for the most part of leaves, the place of which is supplied by fleshy stems of 
the most grotesque figure ; some angular, and attaining the height of thirty feet, others roundish, covered 
with stiff spines, like the hedgehog, and not exceeding the stature of a few inr^hes. Their flowers are in many 
cases large and remarkably specious, varying from pure white to rich scarlet and purple, through all the inter- 
mediate gradations of colors. The species are chiefly natives of the hottest and dryest parts of the tropics, and 
are cultivable with little care, in pots filled with rubbish, in a dry-stove. Their fruit is fleshy and watery, and 
generally insipid, but it is eaten in their native countries for the sake of its refreshing moisture and coolness. 
Two species of Opuntia are hardy in Great Britain. The characters of this order and the next are very 
similar, although their habit is so widely different. Cacti are sometimes called Nopaleae. 
nil Cactus JV 1112 Rhipsalis Gcert. 
Order LXXTII. GROSSULACEiE. 
Distinguished from the last by the definite number of their stamens and woody leafy stems. The utility and 
excellence of the gooseberry and currant are known to every one. None of the other species equal these, 
although the fruit of several possesses considerable excellence. The berry of most of these is sweet, watery, 
and acid, but that of Ribes nigrum, and a few more, is tonic and stimulant, which appears to have some con- 
nection with the presence of glands upon the leaves of those species. 
550 Ribes JV. 
Order LXXIV. SEMPERVIVEiE. 
Still another order of succulent plants, but with a habit very different from that of those which have gone 
before. The species are often characterised by the rosulate or densely imbricated arrangement of their 
leaves, but this is not by any means a vmiversal character. They are natives, for the most part,' of dry bar- 
ren places in Europe, North Africa, and the Cape of Good Hope, and are cultivable with ease in pots of dry 
rubbish. Many of them have extremely beautiful flowers, especially those of the genera Sempervivum and 
Crassula, which are either white, yellow, or deep rose color. Their leaves are used medicinally as refrigerant 
and abstergent ; they are also, in a slight degree, astringent, and in Sedum acre so acrid, that, taken internally. 
