NATURAL ARRANGEMENT. 
1077 
417 Cameraria W. 420 Cerbera JV. 438 Carlssa W. 572 Ap6cynum R. Br. 
418 Tabernaemontana W. 43(5 Arduina JV. 440 Gelsemium J. 573 Melodinus Forst. 
2152 Ophi6xylon 437 Strychnos J^. 441 Rauwolfia fT. . 299? Mon^tia ff'. 
419 Ams6nia Mick. 
Order CII. ASCLEPI ADE.E. 
These differ from the last only in having the stamens united into a sort of fleshy crown, and the pollen 
coherent in masses of a waxy substance like that of Orchidcfe; their properties, habit and geographical 
range, are much the same. Periploca is a singular instance of an asclepiadeous plant being a hardy shrub, 
every other frutescent species of the order being natives of countries where frost is unknown. Hoya compre- • 
hends climbing plants, with waxen, clustered, odoriferous flower.s distilling honey. Pergularia is valued for its 
fragrance, Ceropegia for its singularity, and Ascl6pias for beauty and hardiness. But the most extraordinary 
genera of the order are Stapelia, Piaranthus, and Huernia, in which the place of leaves is supplied by fleshy 
short stems of various forms, and whose flowers are not less singular for their curious and complex organiza- 
tion, than they are remarkable for their strange coloring and spotting, and offensive for their fostor. The root 
of Gymnema vomitorium, Asclepias curassavica, Calotropis prucera, and some others, is employed in different 
countries for ipecacuanha. An infusion of the root of Asclepias decumbens has the singular property of 
exciting general perspiration ; whence it is successfully used in Virginia for pleurisy. It is very singular 
that, in a tribe of plants so generally poisonous as these are, the young shoots of some species should be 
an article of food : of this nature are Perguliria <§dulis, Periploca escul^nta, Apocynum indicum, and several 
more. 
574 Peripl6ca R. Br. 581 Cynanchum R. Br. 587 Gomphocarpus R. Br. 593 Ceropegia Ro-vb. 
575 Cryptost^gia R. Br. 582 Oxystelma R. Br. 588 Asclepias R. Br. 594 Stapelia R. Br. 
576 Hemid^smus R. Br. 583 Gymnema R. Br. 589 Gon61obus R. Br. 595 Piaranthus R. Br. 
577 Secamone R. Br. 584 Cal6tropis R. Br. 590 Pergularia R. Br. 596 Huernia R. Br. 
57« Microloma R. Br. 585 Dischidia R. Br. 591 Marsdenia R. Br. 597 Brachyst^lma R. Br 
579 Sarcost^mma R. Br. 586 Xysmalobium R. Br. 592 Hoya R. Br. 598 Caralluma R. Br. 
Das'mia R. Br. 
Order CIII. GENTIANE^. 
An order in some degree intermediate between Polemoniaceae and Scrophularineae, from both which it is 
distinguished both by habit and fruit; some of the genera border closely upon Apocynese. The species are 
natives of cool or mountainous regions or pools in all parts of the world. The Gentians are mostly dwarf 
herbaceous plants, with deep blue flowers ; the latter color, and different shades of orange, being the prevail- 
ing hues. They are all pretty, and many beautiful in the highest degree ; but, with a few exceptions, they are 
impatient of cultivation. The medicinal properties of the root of Gentiana lutea, rubra, and purpurea, are 
eminently tonic, stomachic, and febrifugal ; their bitterness is second only to Quassia. Similar, but more 
feeble virtues, are found in most of the order, especially in Villarsia ovata, Gentiana peruviana, Chirayita, 
Fras^ra Walteri, &c. Spig^lia anthelmia is used as a vermifuge; and the root of Spig^lia marylandica infused 
in water as anthelmintic, and in wine as febrifuge. Potalia amara is used in Guiana as an emetic. A kind 
of spirit is distilled in Switzerland from the roots of Gentiana, macerated in water. 
281 Sebffi'a R. Br. 365 Eustoraa P. L. 600 Gentiana W. 368 Loginia R. Br. 
282 Frasera Walt. 366 Erythrje'a P. S. 599 Swertia JV. 
280 E'xacum JV. 367 Sabbatia P. L. 379 Spig^lia JV 362 Menyanthes TV. 
364 Chir6nia L. 894 Chl6ra JV. 378 Lisianthus JV. 353 Villarsia R. Br. 
Order CIV. BIGNONI ACEiE. 
The showy trumpet-shaped flowers and broad leaves of these plants, render them objects of general admir- 
ation. The greatest number is found in the equinoctial regions, a few only passing beyond those limits to the 
north Bign6nia radicans is a hardy climbing plant, of exceeding beauty ; and the Jacarandas are resplendent 
with flowers of blue or purple, and leaves which emulate the elegance of the Acacia. Nothing important is 
known of their qualities. Their wood is said to resist the attack of worms. 
64 Catalpa Juss. 1294 Bignonia JV. 1295 Jacaranda Juss. 
Order CV. COBiEACE^. 
A climbing genus with large purple flowers, recently separated from the Bignonias by Mr. Don. Nothing 
is known of its medicinal properties. 
388 Cobffi'a Cav. 
Order CVl. POLEMONIACEAE. 
Herbaceous plants with showy blue, red, or white flowers, and often with pinnated leaves. They are natives 
of cool or mountainous parts in Europe and America. Nothing is known of their properties. 
369 Phlox JV. 70 Polemonium JV. 389 Cantua JV. 390 Hoitzia Cav. 
Order CVII. CONVOLVULACEiE. 
Nearly the whole of these are twining plants, with shewy flowers expanding beneath the influence of bright 
sunshine. A few are shrubs, but the greater part are herbaceous, and very many annual. They are fre- 
quently, also, weeds, which, from their creeping roots, are difl[icult to extirpate. All parts of the world 
produce them, from the cold regions of the north to the burning soil of the equator. Cuscuta is a singular 
parasite, wholly destitute of leaves. The root of many is filled with a milky acrid juice, which is very purgative. 
Scammony, jalap, and some other drugs, are the produce of Convolvulaceie. The root of Convolvulus 
floridus and scoparius, and Ipomee' a quamoclit, is stimulatory ; that of Convolvulus batatas, which is the 
sweet potato of America and Southern Europe ; and Convolvulus edulis are wholesome articles of food. 
Hydrolese are little known, pretty, herbaceous plants, mostly with blue flowers, native both of cold and 
tropical countries ; Diapensia lapponica being an inhabitant of Lapland mountains, and Hydrolea spin6sa of 
West Indian marshes. Their botanical characters are very nearly the same as those of Polemoniaceae. The 
roots of Hydr61ea spinosa are reputed bitter, and slightly purgative. 
Tribe 1. Genuin^e. 
383 Ipomae'a R. Br. 387 Calystegia R. Br. 310 Cuscuta TV. 
384 Convolvulus JV. 602 Falkia L. 60S Dichundra TV. 
385 Argyreia Lour. 695 Ev61vulus L. 391 Retzia Th. 
Tribe 2. Hydrolea., 
601 Hydr61ea JV. 358 Diapensia JV 359 Pyxidanthera Mi. 
Order CVIII. BORAGINE^. 
True Boragineae are chiefly herbaceous plants, with alternate exstipulate leaves, the surface of whicli is 
covered over with minute asperities, and with flowers arranged in one-sided spikes or racemes, occasionally 
solitary. Each flower has also four distinct little nuts or seeds, as they are commonly called. Some E chiuras 
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