NATURAL ARRANGEMENT. 
1083 
Section V. 
£031 Sapium W. 2030 Hipp6mane W. 2035 H6rn W. 2029 Omphalea W. 
2026 Stillingia W. 1992 Acidoton IV. 2117 Excsecaria JV. 
Section VI. 
2039 Dalechampia W. 1103 Euphorbia W. 1104 Pedilanthus Neck. 
Order CXXXVII. RESEDACEiE. 
Weeds of no interest, except the Reseda odorata for its delicious fragrance. R. lut(5ola, a common annual 
in waste places, yields a yellow color fit for dying. 
1102 Reseda JV. 2099 Datisca JV. 
Order CXXXVIII. CALYCANTHE^. 
Handsome grateful deciduous shrubs, witli deliciously fragrant flowers, natives of North America and 
Japan. They are not known to possess any medicinal virtues, but their odour insures them a place in every 
garden, notwithstanding the uninviting look of the blossoms themselves. 
1157 Calycanthus L. 1158 Chimonanthus Lindl. 
Order CXXXIX. ATHEROSPERME^. 
Allied to the last in sensible and botanical qualities : they are shrubs, natives of America and New Holland, 
of which little is known either to gardeners or botanists. 
2103 Peuraus Pers. 
Order CXL. EMPETREJE. 
Dwarf heath-like shrubs, with obscure flowers and berries, natives of Europe and North America. 
2045 Empetrum L. 
Order CXLI. URTICE^. 
Few are the objects in this order deserving the care of the cultivator ; it is rather extraordinary, however, 
that those few are abundantly so. Among worthless v/eeds and shabby half herbaceous shrubs, some of 
which are covered with rough points, and others defended by stinging hairs, we find the fig, the mulberry, 
the hemp, the hop, and the bread-fruit, all objects of the first consequence to the world. Here also is placed 
the half fabulous Upas, with which lying travellers and credulous naturalists have long deluded Europe. The 
Upas tree is now known to be the 'Antiaris toxicaria, the inspissated juice of which is indeed a frightful 
poison, but the baneful effects of whose branches are purely imaginary. Similar, though inferior, qualities 
have been found to exist in Ficus toxicaria, and some of the Artocarpuses. The root of the black mulberry 
is bitter, acrid, and purgative; of Dorstenia brasili^nsis, emetic; of D. contray^rba, bitter, aromatic, hot, 
and stimulant. A decoction, or the dried leaves, of hemp, is eminently narcotic, and forms the basis of the 
well known intoxicating Turkish drug called Bang or Haschisch. 'I'he tenacious nature of the fibres of the 
hemp is also found in other plants of the order, especially Urtica cannabina, the hop, the bread-fruit tree, the 
common stinging- nettle, and others. 
1962 Urtica JV. 1993 Thelvgonum JV. 2043 Cecropia JV. 75 Gunnera JV. 
1961 Pilea Lindl. 2059 Broussonetia JV. 19o9 Madura Nutt. 2158 Brosimum JV. 
2137 Parietkria JV. 9fflo Cannabis W. 1959 Morus JV. 1973 Franzeria Cav. 
1960 Boehra^ria JV. 2074 Humulus JV. 1935 Artocarpus JV 20tS3 Tn'.phis W. 
933 Forsk6hlea JV. 2167 Ficus JV. '251 Dorstenia JV. 2050 Stilago JV. 
Order CXLII. AMENTACE.E. 
Here is the group in which all the timber trees of Europe, and most of those of all cold countries, are 
stationed. Every genus consists of plants important to the wants of man. The alder, the birch, the willow, 
the poplar, the oak, the chesnut, the hornbeam, and the plane, are all collected in this place, to which they 
have been brought by the coincidence of similar fructification existing in all of them. This similarity depends 
upon their producing flowers of one sex only, the males of which are always arrayed in catkins, of which 
the flowers are destitute of calyx or corolla, in the place of which is produced a single scale. Their bark is 
furnished with an astringent principle, which has rendered them valuable either for staining black, as in the 
alder and the oak gall ; or for tanning, as in the oak ; or as febrifuges, as the alder, the birch, the oak, most 
of the willows, and also Populus tremuloides, which is well known in North America as a tonic and stomachic 
febrifuge. The substance called tacamahaca was formerly supposed to be jjroduced by some of the poplars, 
but it is now believed to be obtained from a very different plant, Fagara octiindra. The fruit of many 
AmentaccEB contains a considerable proportion of fajcula, which renders it fit ibr the food of man and other 
animals, as the acorns of the oak, the mast of birch, the nut of Castanea and Corylus, &c. 
1955 A lnus JV. 2001 Liquidambar JV. 1995 O strya JV. 1997 Fagus JV. 
1M56 Betula JV. 2002 Platanus JV. 1996 Carpinus JV. 19! 8 C/ rvlus IV. 
'20^2 Salix JV. 2003 Salisburia L. T. 1994 Castanea JV. 2000 Quercus JV. 
2087 Populus JV. 
Order CXLIII. ULMACEiE. 
Many of the observations upon the last order are also applicable to this, which differs rather in certain 
technical characters, than in any arrangement of nature. The elm is its representative, from which the 
others only slightly differ. 
616 Plan^ra Mich. 615 U'lmus L. 2145 C(51tis TV. 
Order CXLIV. CASUARINE^. 
These are nearly related to Coniferce, than which they are dwarfer, and of far less importance. By various 
writers they have been tossed about between Amentaceae and Coniferas, and have at last settled in a place by 
themselves. The leaves of Comptonia asplenifolia are employed in the United States against diarrhoea. The 
berries of Myrlca cerifera yield, on boiling, an abundance of wax which is manufactured into candles; the 
nuts of Ephedra distachya are eatable ; the wood of some of the Casuarinas is remarkably hard and durable. 
1936 Casuarlna TV. 1941 Comptonia JV, 2056 Nageia G^rtn. 
2115 Ephedra W. 2055 Myrica JV. 
Order CXLV. CONIFERS. 
These bear the same relation in point of consequence to resinous trees, that Amentaceas bear to those that 
are not resinous. They are well known as lofty timber, yielding valuable wood and abundance of resin. 
