36 Echin. 
XIV. ECHINODERMA. 
[1904] 
vii. Autotomy and Regeneration:— (a) See under heading 'Physio- 
logie' passim; Delage (54). (d) Illustrated by photographs of 
specimens in collection F. D. Snyder, Ashtabula, 0. ; McClure (173). 
— Regen. of complete starfish from ray broken oflf at a distance from 
the body in Linckia diplax and L. pacifica ; Kellogg (139). — Autot. 
of rays, also regen. of new rays from rays cut off at a distance from 
the disc, in Fhataria ; Moisks (193). (e) Autot. Ophioderma^ 
Ophioglypha ; Uexkuell (274) p. 13. — Regen. of rays in Ophioglypha 
is quicker the more rays are removed, except when all are removed ; 
Zeleny (297). — Loss of dorsal covering of disc ; Bell in Herdmax 
(120) p. 148. (f) Regen. viscera, Antedon indica ; Chadwick (35). 
— Loss of arms without regen., Megistocr. ; Wood (291) p. 66. — Regen. 
arms, Barycr. and Platycr. ; Whitfield (286). 
viii. Parasites and Commensals :— (b) Oystohia, gregarine, spp. para- 
sitic in Holothuria and Cucumaria ; Woodcock (292). — Tetrarhynchus, 
cestode, in holothurian, 'i Molpadia; Shipley (253) p. 147.— Numerous 
mollusca in gut of Stichopus et al. ; Kiaer (140) p. 70, 71. — Synapticola^ 
lamellibranch in Synapta inhaerens and comparison with similar cases ; 
Malard (180). — Pinnotheres villosissimus, brachyuran in cloaca of 
protozoon in intestine of Strongylocentrotus, Sphaerechinus, and Arbacia ; 
Di Mauro(63). — Siphonostoma-dnd ^calesetosus,i)o\yclrdeteii onEcIiinus; 
Montacuta^ mollusc on Spatangus ; Tellimya, mollusc on Echino- 
cardium; Mar. Biol. Ass. (184) p. 210, 211. — Ichthyonema (olim 
Echinonema Gemm. non v. Linst.) nematode in perivisceral cavity 
of Echinus escidentus ; Gemmill k Linstow (99) : Gemmill (98). — 
Parasitic mollusc?, in radiole, Astropyga radiata (p. 22), gastropod 
and crab on Salmacis hicolor (p. 66), crab on Toxopneustes pileolus 
(p. 120) ; MoRTENSEN (195). — Arete, alpheid on oral surface of Hetero- 
centrotus ; Coutiere (48). (e) Mucronalia, gastropod on Ophiothrix 
deposita and 0. crassispina ; Koehler (143) p. 146, 147. 
ix. Echinoderms as Food: — Of man, Ciicumaria frondosa ; Clark 
(38) p. 548.— Of Genoese, Ech. ; Parona (207) p. 384.— Of fish, 
Echinarachniiis, Ophiopholis, Amphiura, and Hoi ; Clark (38) p. 549. 
— Of crabs or fish, Tetrodiscus ( = Echinodiscus) auritus ; Fourtau (83) 
p. 425. 
X. Echinoderms in Geological Aspect: — Coral reefs degraded 
by Hoi. ; Gardiner (95) p. 166, 338 : by Ech., but not Hoi. ; Finckh 
(78) p. \\\.—Ech. holes in the reef at Mamanguape (p. 53, pi. xliii), at 
Pernambuco (p. 62, pi. 1), at Itaparfca, Bahia (p 247, pi. lxxi.\), at 
Maceio due to Echimmetra subangularis (p. 271); Branner (32). 
Ech. fossils in flint ; Bather (17). — Impregnation of Ech. tests in 
chalk with crystalline silica ; Meunier (189). 
Echinocardium cordatum in lumps of shelly limest. and sandst. now 
forming in Danish waters ; Nordmann (200).—" Echinoderm con- 
glomerate," chiefly remaniee Ech. from top of Cretaceous ; Gronwall 
(109) p. 28 & (108) p. 428.— Plates of Ech. in Lower Cretaceous reef- 
rock ; Cayeux (34) p. 96, 97.— O-m. limest.,— Lower and Mid. Lias, 
important in Swiss and- French Alps; Lory (163). — Bathonian ; 
Leuthardt (152). — Composition, mode of occurrence in Bajocian, 
Mont d'Or ; Riche (228) passim and i)l. b ; Schardt (243) p. 304.— 
Lenticles 80 cm. thick of Crin. pinnulars ; Maire {llS).—Sphaeronis 
as rock former; Holm (126j p. 47. 
Association of sand and Crin. stems in St. Louis beds and modern 
Atlantic ; Udden (272) p. 391. 
Muelleria lecanora ; Doflein 
