38 Echin, 
XIV. ECHINODERMA. 
[1904] 
lation (?) and fertilisation of ova, Antedon hirsuta ; Andersson (10). 
— Fertilisation due to entrance of water into ovum, not to sperm ; 
ScHUECKiNG (250). — Fertilisation and segmentation, general discus- 
sion ; Hartog (114). — Rhythmic production of COg from sperm-ova 
of Arbacia during cleavage, also resistance to KCX ; Lyon (169). — 
Electrical potential developing ova of Turtle and Fundulus, changes 
compared with rhj^thms previously observed in Echinoderm ova ; 
Hyde (130). — Outer protoplasmic layer, nature of mitosis in Echinus^ 
Stronglocentrotus, Ophiothrix ; Ziegler (298). — Morula and gastrula 
to first rudiment of coelom, mesenchyme cells becoming skeleto- 
genous, Ophiothrix ; MacBride (172).— Blastula to Pluteiis of Echinus 
microtuberculatus exact time-stages, studied by sections ; Schmidt 
(246). 
V. Larval Stages: — (a) Generalised diagr. ; Haller (111a) p. 110.— 
Rearing larvae ; Hi^rouard (122). (d) Parthenogenetic larvae of 
Asterias reared to early Brachiolaria stage and described ; Del age 
(52). (f) Fixed stage, A7itedon ; Grieg (107) p. 19, 37. 
vi. Organogeny :— (c) Eckinoidea :— 
5. Development of coronal plates, Arbacia ; Agassiz (3) p. 54. 
vii. Post -larval Growth -stages: — (b) Growth-changes, — TV^yo?!^ 
bria?'eus ; Clark (38) p. 568 : Cucurtiaria ; Michailovskij (192). 
(c) Growth-changes, — test of Cidaridae, shape, anal system, coronal 
plates, peristomial plates, tubercles (p. 1-18), Dorocidaris panamensis 
(p. 21, 22), Porocidaris cobosi (p. 30), Salenia miliaris (p. 42), Arbacia 
(p. 54), Dermatodiadema (p. 60, 64), Echinothuridve (p. 75), Phormo- 
soma (p. 86, 109), Asthenosoma (p. 113), Brissopsis (p. 190) ; Agassiz 
(3) : Mellita pentapora ; Clark (38) p. 565. — Young, — of Cidaris 
elegans, descr. (p. 25), Phormosoma (p. 28), Podocidaris (p. 68) ; 
De Meijere (57): Hemiaster, Arbacia; Loriol (162): Stephano- 
cidaris (p. 8), Sahnacis (p. 71, 73), Protechinus stage, Phormosoma (p. 54 
& fig.) ; Mortensen (195). -Growth in Melonitidae, criticism of Jack- 
son & Jagger ; Klem (142) p. 2. (d) Growth -stages, — Leptopty- 
chaster ; Michailovskij (192). — Growth of Asterias rubens in given 
time ; Kiaer (140) p. 74. — Brephic Asterias, absence of specific 
distinction : Clark (38) p. 551. (e) Association of different aged 
Ophiura in warm areas but not in cold ; Grieg (106) p. 22. — Growth- 
changes, — Gorgonocephalus lincki ; Grieg (106j p. 38 : Ophiopleura ; 
Michailovskij (192). (f) Stalked young, Antedon hirsuta ; 
Andersson (10), — Young Megistocr. ; Wood (291) p. 59. (g) Growth- 
stages in Pseudocr. (p. 236) in Sphaerocystis (p. 250, 252) ; Schuchert 
(249). 
viii. Developmental mechanics and Experimental Embry- 
ology :— Degeneration of ovules, Strongylocentrotus ; Dubuisson 
(73). — Asters in Toxopneustes and Eckinarachnius, observations by 
N. Yatsu, reply to Petrunkewitsch ; Wilson (288). — Mechanism of 
epithelium-formation illustrated from Ech. blastulae ; Zur Strassen 
(300). 
Giant and monster larvae produced by fusion of one or more 
morulae with plasmodia, Arbacia ; Janssens (136). — Blastomeres of 
Psammechinus cut apart, stained inti-a vitam, and reunited to form 
morulae of new individuality, which proceed with development ; 
Garbowski (94). — Abnormal development often due to nature of 
gonads, not to environment ; Viguier (279). — Fertilisation, normal 
or artificial, produces diSerence between osmotic pressure and surface- 
tension, equilibrium restored by cleavage ; Spaulding (262). 
The determination of variation, account of Author's experiments on 
^W^.. sperm-ova, (163) Zool. Rec. 1895, (214) Zool.Rec. 1898, (240) Zool. 
