Spong. 1 
XVII. SPONGI^. 
BY 
W. Woodland. 
CONTENTS. 
Page 
Introduction 3 
I. Titles 4 
II. Biology .... 8 
A. Evolution 8 
B. Morphology 8 
(i) General Accounts 8 
(ii) External Characters 8 
(iii) Anatomy of Soft Parts. Canal-System . . 8 
(iv) Skeletal System 8 
(a) General Accounts 8 
(b) Material of the Skeleton .... 9 
(c) Skeletal Elemeuts, Morphology, Develop- 
ment, and Nomenclature of . . . 9 
(d) Skeletal Anatomy 9 
(v) Histology 9 
(a) General Accounts 9 
(b) Special Organs or Tissues ... 9 
c. Physiology 9 
(i) General Accounts 9 
(ii) Particular Functions , 9 
D. Bionomics 10 
E. Reproduction, Development and Growth . . . 10 
(i) Germ-Cells, Fertilization 10 
(ii) Embryology 10 
(a) General Accounts 10 
(b) Early Stages, Larvae, Metamorphosis, &c. 10 
(iii) Asexual Reproduction 10 
(a) Fission, Vegetative Budding and Regene- 
ration 10 
(b) Germinal Budding and Gemmule-For- 
mation 10 
