INTRODUCTION. 
Prot. 5 
the origin of the Discotricha distinctly merits attention. Mitrophanow 
(239, 241), minutely describes the formation and structure of the trichocysts 
of Parameciums and thinks that they subserve an excretory purpose. 
Protozoan Physiology has certainly been enriched by Calkin's studies 
on Paramoecium. At the close of a remarkably painstaking series of 
researches this writer comes to the conclusion (56) that, in the long run, 
conjugation is essential for the continuance of the race. From Jenning's 
work (152) it would appear that, between living protoplasm and the most 
artful of physical imitations, there lies a gulf, to bridge which will require 
much more than, for instance, Mr Burke's " radiobes." 
To mention Actinosphoerium is to think of R. Hertwig, and his 
investigations on the relation between cell- metabolism and functional 
degeneration, which have been largely worked out on this form, are fully 
recounted in (138). Too much importance cannot be attached, in the 
Recorder's opinion, to this author's highly suggestive ideas concerning 
the real nature of malignant tumours, in which the cells lose their 
"organotypic" growth and activity, and retain only that of a "cytotypic" 
character. 
The role played by Protozoa in medical parasitology still gains in 
importance. The etiology of various Oriental maladies, such as Kala- 
Azar, troj^ical splenomegaly, Delhi sore, and bouton d'Orient, is now 
explained by the discovery of parasites closely allied to Piroplasma 
(vide Christophers (73-75), Donovan (83), Laveran & Mesnil (173), 
Leishman (196), Mesnil, Nicolle k Remlinger (235), Wright (367), and 
others). Moreover, it appears not unlikely that the once dreadful scourge 
of small-pox is also to be ascribed to the ravages of a minute Sporozoan 
parasite. Calkins (58) gives a detailed account of the bodies known as 
" Cytoryctes variolce,'^ considers them as phases of a distinct organism allied 
to Lymphosporidium, and constructs a complex life-history for the pa.rasite. 
This much, at any rate, ma.y be said. In view of the fact that Calkins is 
a most competent protozoologist, far more weight must be attached to his 
research than is necessary in many cases where the Protozoan nature of 
cell-inclusions is confidently asserted ! 
For various works on Geographical Distribution the reader is referred 
to the papers by Cash, Gilson, Gough, Hacker, Hutton, Jensen, 
Millett, Monti, Nobre, Penard, Sidebottom & Worth, and on 
Geological Distribution to those by Bagg, Bruckmann, Chapman, 
Fornasini, Holland, Jukes-Browne, Leardi, Martelli, Martin, 
Prever, Reade, Schlumberger, Schubert, Silvestri and others. 
The rich Gymnomyxan fauna of the Lake of Geneva has supplied 
Penard with material for his paper (259) on some new Rhizopods, and 
also for his monographic work (262) on fresh- water Heliozoa. That there 
is no lack of interesting forms nearer home is shown by Cash (60). 
Coming to the Foraminifera, an important memoir on Lepidocyclina is 
contributed by Lemoine & Douvilli^ (201). The Orhitoidece have been 
well looked after by Prever (272 & 274), Prever & Rzehak (276) and 
Schlumberger (305), attention having been paid chiefly to the genus 
Orthophragmina. Prever also continues (in 275) his study on the forms 
included in the term Nummulites.'''' Millett (236 & 237) at length 
concludes his description of Recent Malayan Foraminifera. There are 
several other Systematic papers on this order which should not be 
neglected, e.g., those of Bruckmann (46), Chapman (69-71), Checchia- 
RisPOLi (72), and Schlumberger & Choffat (306). 
As a result of the German plankton and deep-sea expeditions, rather 
more Radiolarian memoirs than of late have to be chronicled. Borgert (28), 
Hacker (132), and Immermann (148) deal with the Tripylaria, the last- 
named contributing a useful account of the Aulacanthidce. Popopsky (270) 
has produced a bulky work on the Acanthometrea. It may be very 
