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th,an you have ever done before. Let the one- 
horse plow alone. It is useless in these old fields. 
A larger, heavier one is needed and two horses or 
mules will be required for the work. If you are 
able to do this during earlier winter the clay sub- 
soil turned up will do no harm. Freezing and 
thawing, air and rain, will get things ready for the 
crop and no harm will be done. 
Have you ever done this work ? Have you ever 
tried it on your old fields ? It may surprise you. 
It has surprised us. 
THE COWPEA AS AN ALLY IN SOIL RESTORA- 
TION 
You are now ready for the spring to come. Of 
course you will use the cowpea. It will do the 
work if any plant in all the world can do it. It will 
send its roots down deep into the subsoil below; it 
will put nitrogen into the land, humus will be added; 
the texture will be improved; the soil will come to 
life. You may get only a small growth of cowpeas 
the first year. It will depend on how badly the 
soil is deteriorated; on how much it is worn out. 
You can pasture the cowpeas or make them into 
hay, or leave them to mature and die. Suit your- 
self in this respect. 
And now winter comes on again. Go into 
another field. Clean it up in the same way as you 
have done the one we have just been consider- 
ing. And last year's section — you must not forget 
it. In winter plow it again and put it to peas a 
second time and then a third time. That makes 
the field. It lives! it is restored to life. Though 
weak and tender, still it will go to work bravely and 
willingly. 
