322 
COTTON 
which concludes the work preparatory to having 
roving spun into thread. 
SPINNING 
The roving is now transferred to a spinning 
machine for the final process of making the yarn 
or thread. The purpose sought here is fineness 
of the requisite degree and the twisting and wind- 
ing of the thread to make it ready for the weaver. 
One of two machines may do the work: the mule 
or the ring frame, either of which makes a thread 
which is used largely without further treatment 
whatever. 
The mule is used for the finest threads that are 
made, and also for soft twisted yarns for knitting 
purposes. 
The thread is now spun, and only a few things 
remain to be done before it may be sent to factory 
and used in the loom. 
Spooling comes first, a simple process of wind- 
ing yarn from spinners' bobbins on spools by 
means of the spooler. This done, it is now passed 
on to the warper. Threads are laid in the slasher- 
beam that sizing may be done in order to facilitate 
weaving. Sizing is made of starch, tallow, and 
some preservative to prevent mildew. Finally the 
threads are drawn through the harness — for weav- 
ing and manufacturing of cloth is begun — an oper- 
ation not difficult in plain goods. But as yarns 
are made finer and more fancy cloth produced, 
the art of weaving becomes quite complicated and 
painstaking. 
WEAVING 
In the weaving room the loom is the all-import- 
