21 
moor, we have been troubled every summer with the enclosed gnats, 
which, coming into the bedrooms, assail the sleepers to such an extent 
that we have to adopt mosquito curtains." 
Anopheles maculipewris, which occurs throughout Europe and has 
been met with in Palestine, is also widely distributed in Canada and 
the United States. 
Before bringing to a close these brief notes on the British represen- 
tatives of the malaria-bearing genus Anopheles, it may be interesting 
to reproduce the following " Conclusions " from the paper by Messrs. 
Nuttall, Cobbett, and Strangeways-Pigg already referred to (Joe. 
at. pp. 43-44)- 
" I. The disappearance of ague from Great Britain does not 
depend upon the extinction of mosquitoes capable of 
harbouring the parasites of malaria. 
" 2. Three species of Anopheles (A. maeulipennis, A. bifurcafus, 
A. nigripes) are to be found in Great Britain in all districts 
which were formerly malarious, but also in places con- 
cerning which there is no record of the former prevalence 
of ague. 
" 3. The Anopheles to-day are most numerous in low-lying land 
containing many ditches, ponds, and slowly-flowing water, 
suitable for their habitat, and corresponding to the dis- 
tricts where ague was formerly prevalent. 
" 4. Since the disappearance of ague does not depend upon 
the extinction of Anopheles it is probably due to several 
causes operating together : 
" (a) A reduction in the number of these insects conse- 
quent upon drainage of the land, this being in accord 
with all the older authors, who attributed the disappearance 
of ague largely to this cause. 
" (b) Reduction of the population in infected districts 
as the result of emigration about the time when ague dis- 
